3.3 Implementation

• Why is it crucial to define the problem statement and its requirements effectively?

  To ensure the solution aligns
• The problem statement describes the task to be accomplished, along with any constraints or objectives
• Functional requirements specify how well the system performs tasks.

  False
• Match the requirement type with its description:

  Functional ↔️ Defines specific tasks

  Non-Functional ↔️ Specifies performance standards
• What is an example of a functional requirement in a customer purchase tracking system?

  Record purchase date
• A non-functional requirement for a customer purchase tracking system is to support 1000 transactions per hour
• Choosing the right algorithms and data structures is crucial for efficient problem-solving.
• Match the algorithm or data structure with its complexity:

  Bubble Sort ↔️ $O(n^{2})$

  Merge Sort ↔️ $O(n \log n)$
• Arrays have $O(1)$ complexity for element access
• Which data structure is preferable for frequent modifications despite slower access time?

  Linked list
• Program architecture defines the high-level design and interactions between system components
• Match the architectural pattern with its description:

  Layered ↔️ Organizes components into layers

  Microservices ↔️ Decomposes into independent services
• What is a disadvantage of the client-server architectural pattern?

  Single point of failure
• Scalability, maintainability, and performance are key factors in choosing program architecture.
• Why should the choice of programming language align with project requirements?

  To optimize readability and efficiency
• Python is known for its high readability
• Java achieves cross-platform compatibility via the JVM.
• Which programming language is suitable for performance-critical applications?

  C++
• The example code in Python calculates the factorial of a number using a recursive approach
• A functional requirement defines tasks the system must perform
• A non-functional requirement specifies how well tasks are performed
• An example of a functional requirement is to support 1000 transactions per hour.

  False
• The problem statement describes the task and its constraints
• What is algorithmic complexity used to measure?

  Time efficiency
• Bubble Sort is efficient for large datasets.

  False
• Merge Sort has an algorithmic complexity of $O(n \log n)$, making it efficient for large datasets
• What is the time complexity for accessing an element in an array?

  $O(1)$
• What is the time complexity for inserting or deleting an element in a linked list?

  $O(1)$
• Program architecture defines the high-level design and interactions between components
• A layered architecture simplifies maintenance and allows reuse of components.
• What is a key advantage of microservices architecture?

  Improved scalability
• In a client-server architecture, the server can become a single point of failure
• Steps for designing a software system

  1️⃣ Define the problem statement

  2️⃣ Identify algorithms and data structures

  3️⃣ Design the program structure

  4️⃣ Write the program code

  5️⃣ Test and debug the code
• The choice of a programming language should align with the project's requirements
• Match the programming language with its strength:

  Python ↔️ Readability

  Java ↔️ Cross-platform compatibility

  C++ ↔️ Performance-critical applications
• What are three key considerations when designing a program for readability, performance, and compatibility?

  Readability, performance, compatibility
• Execution speed and memory usage should be optimized to improve program performance
• Python is highly efficient for performance-critical applications.

  False
• Match the programming language with its primary use case:

  Python ↔️ Scripting

  Java ↔️ Enterprise applications

  C++ ↔️ Performance-critical applications
• Testing verifies that software functions correctly according to its specifications