1.1.4 Control structures

• Control structures determine the flow of execution
• Control structures allow programs to make decisions and repeat code blocks.
• Arrange the basic types of control structures in their typical order of use in a program.

  1️⃣ Sequential execution

  2️⃣ Branching

  3️⃣ Loops
• Match each control structure with its description.

  Sequential Execution ↔️ Executes instructions in order

  Branching ↔️ Executes code selectively

  Loops ↔️ Repeats code blocks
• Sequential execution executes instructions in the order they appear
• Sequential execution ensures that each instruction builds upon the previous one.
• Conditional statements use boolean expressions that evaluate to either true or false
• An `if` statement executes a block of code only if its condition is true.
• An `else` statement executes a block of code when the `if` condition is false
• Arrange the three basic types of control structures in their order of description in the study material.

  1️⃣ Sequential execution

  2️⃣ Branching

  3️⃣ Loops
• Sequential execution requires specific keywords to control its flow.

  False
• In sequential execution, instructions are performed from top to bottom
• What is the order of execution in sequential execution?

  Top to bottom
• In the example x = 5; y = x + 10; print(y);</latex>, the final value of `y` is 15
• Conditional statements execute code based on specific conditions.
• Match the conditional statement with its purpose:

  `if` statement ↔️ Executes if true

  `else` statement ↔️ Executes if `if` is false

  `elif` statement ↔️ Chains multiple conditions
• An `if` statement always requires an associated `else` statement.

  False
• In an `elif` statement, the condition that chains multiple conditions must evaluate to true or false
• What are the two primary types of loop structures in programming?

  `for` and `while`
• A `for` loop is best used when the number of iterations is known.
• Order the components of a `for` loop:

  1️⃣ Initialization

  2️⃣ Condition

  3️⃣ Increment
• What does an `if` statement do?

  Executes code if true
• An `else` statement executes when the `if` condition is false.
• The `elif` statement is used to chain multiple conditions
• What type of loop repeats for a fixed number of iterations?

  for loop
• A `while` loop repeats as long as a condition remains true
• Match the loop type with its use case:

  for loop ↔️ Fixed number of iterations

  while loop ↔️ Uncertain number of iterations
• What is a definite loop?

  Fixed number of iterations
• Indefinite loops typically use `while` loops.
• Control structures govern the order in which instructions are executed in a program.
• Order the three basic types of control structures:

  1️⃣ Sequential Execution

  2️⃣ Branching

  3️⃣ Loops
• What is the execution order in sequential execution?

  Order of appearance
• Branching uses `if` and `switch` statements to execute code based on conditions.
• Loops repeat a code block until a specific condition is met.
• What keywords are associated with loops?

  for, while, do-while
• What is the outcome of the following code: x = 5; y = x + 10; print(y);</latex>

  15
• Conditional statements use `if`, `else`, and `elif` keywords.
• What is a `for` loop suitable for?

  Fixed number of iterations
• Definite loops are typically implemented using for loops.
• What type of loop is used when the number of iterations is uncertain?

  while loop