5.1 Contextualizing 18th-Century States

• In the 18th century, the state evolved into a highly centralized entity with extensive control over its territory
• Where did sovereignty reside in 18th-century states?

  Monarch or small elite
• 18th-century states were more efficient and intrusive compared to earlier times.
• Match the 18th-century state with its key ruler:

  Great Britain ↔️ George III

  France ↔️ Louis XVI

  Prussia ↔️ Frederick the Great

  Russia ↔️ Catherine the Great

  Austria ↔️ Maria Theresa
• Which state under Frederick the Great rose significantly in the 18th century?

  Prussia
• What was the function of centralized power in 18th-century states?

  Exercising sovereignty
• 18th-century states became more efficient and intrusive due to their centralized power
• Match the major European state with its key rulers:

  Great Britain ↔️ George III

  France ↔️ Louis XIV, Louis XV, Louis XVI

  Prussia ↔️ Frederick the Great

  Russia ↔️ Catherine the Great

  Austria ↔️ Maria Theresa
• Which major European state maintained dominance through a robust economy and military strength in the 18th century?

  Great Britain
• Prussia under Frederick the Great rose to significance in the 18th century.
• In 18th-century Europe, political systems were characterized by centralized power and absolutism
• What type of political system was practiced in Prussia during the 18th century?

  Enlightened absolutism
• Great Britain in the 18th century had a constitutional monarchy.
• Great Britain's political system in the 18th century was a constitutional monarchy.
• Enlightened absolutism was inspired by the Enlightenment.
• Absolutism in 18th-century Europe was characterized by centralized power and authority.
• Enlightened absolutism required monarchs to implement reforms inspired by the Enlightenment.
• Match the state with its political system in the 18th century:

  France ↔️ Absolutism

  Prussia ↔️ Enlightened Absolutism

  Great Britain ↔️ Constitutional Monarchy
• Order the social classes in 18th-century Europe from highest to lowest based on their roles and privileges:

  1️⃣ Aristocracy

  2️⃣ Bourgeoisie

  3️⃣ Clergy

  4️⃣ Peasantry
• Social mobility in 18th-century Europe was strictly prohibited for all classes.

  False
• In the 18th century, the state became a highly centralized entity with extensive control over its territory and population.
• A bureaucracy in the 18th century was an organized administrative system that managed state affairs.
• Eighteenth-century states were more efficient and capable of mobilizing resources compared to earlier states.
• Match the key figure with their state and political system:

  Louis XIV ↔️ France, Absolutism

  Frederick the Great ↔️ Prussia, Enlightened Absolutism

  Maria Theresa ↔️ Austria, Enlightened Absolutism
• Maria Theresa focused on internal reforms and consolidating Habsburg lands in Austria.
• The three primary political systems in 18th-century Europe were absolutism, enlightened absolutism, and constitutional monarchy.
• Absolutism was characterized by a monarch with unlimited power.
• Enlightened absolutism combined absolute power with Enlightenment reforms.
• European social structures in the 18th century were divided into distinct classes with specific roles and privileges.
• Wealth and education could improve social standing for the bourgeoisie in 18th-century Europe.
• Agriculture remained the primary economic activity in 18th-century Europe, although farming techniques improved yields.
• Mercantilism in the 18th century emphasized state control over trade to enhance national wealth.
• Great Britain saw early signs of capitalism in the 18th century due to overseas trade.
• Match the state with its primary alliance in the 18th century:

  France ↔️ Austria, Russia

  Great Britain ↔️ Prussia
• The Anglo-French rivalry was a defining factor in 18th-century European international relations.
• The Enlightenment emphasized reason, individualism, and natural rights.
• Key Enlightenment thinkers inspired reforms by monarchs such as Frederick the Great and Catherine the Great.