3.7 Human Population Dynamics

• What does human population dynamics refer to?

  Population changes over time
• Human population dynamics is influenced by three key factors: fertility rate, mortality rate, and migration
• The formula for population growth includes births, deaths, immigration, and emigration.
• What is the impact of a high fertility rate on population growth?

  Population growth
• A high fertility rate leads to population growth
• Stages of the demographic transition model

  1️⃣ Stage 1: High birth and death rates; slow growth

  2️⃣ Stage 2: High birth rates, declining death rates; rapid growth

  3️⃣ Stage 3: Declining birth rates, low death rates; moderate growth

  4️⃣ Stage 4: Low birth and death rates; stable or declining population
• Match each stage of the demographic transition model with its driving forces:

  Stage 1 ↔️ Limited healthcare, poor sanitation

  Stage 2 ↔️ Improved healthcare and sanitation

  Stage 3 ↔️ Education and urbanization

  Stage 4 ↔️ Economic development, women's empowerment
• Stage1 of the demographic transition model is characterized by high birth and death rates.
• What are age structure diagrams used to understand?

  Population's growth potential
• A pyramid-shaped age structure diagram indicates a population with rapid growth
• Match the age structure diagram type with its population trend:

  Pyramid ↔️ Rapid growth

  Cylinder ↔️ Stable growth

  Inverted Pyramid ↔️ Declining growth
• An inverted pyramid-shaped age structure diagram indicates a declining population growth trend.
• What is the formula for calculating population change in human population dynamics?

  $\Delta N =$$B - D +$$I - E$
• The change in population size is influenced by births, deaths, immigration, and emigration
• What does the demographic transition model describe?

  Population changes in development
• In Stage 1 of the demographic transition model, both birth rates and death rates are high
• Stage 2 of the demographic transition model is characterized by high birth rates and declining death rates.
• Order the stages of the demographic transition model based on birth rate, death rate, and population growth trends.

  1️⃣ Stage 1: High birth and death rates, slow growth

  2️⃣ Stage 2: High birth rate, declining death rate, rapid growth

  3️⃣ Stage 3: Declining birth rate, low death rate, moderate growth

  4️⃣ Stage 4: Low birth and death rates, stable/declining growth
• What broader concept does the demographic transition model relate to?

  Human population dynamics
• Age structure diagrams display the distribution of a population by age and gender
• What type of age structure diagram indicates rapid population growth?

  Pyramid
• An inverted pyramid age structure diagram suggests declining population growth due to low birth rates.
• Match the type of age structure diagram with its corresponding growth trend.

  Pyramid ↔️ Rapid growth

  Cylinder ↔️ Stable growth

  Inverted Pyramid ↔️ Declining growth
• Total fertility rate (TFR) is the average number of children a woman is expected to bear in her lifetime
• What does a TFR above 2.1 indicate about a population?

  Growing population
• Replacement fertility is typically around 2.1 children per woman, accounting for deaths among children and reproductive-age women.
• What are the three primary factors influencing human population dynamics?

  Fertility, mortality, migration
• Factors affecting human population growth include fertility rate, mortality rate, and migration
• The change in population size can be calculated using the formula: ΔN = (B - D) + (I - E).
• Match the stage of the demographic transition model with its key characteristics.

  Stage 1 ↔️ High birth and death rates

  Stage 2 ↔️ High birth rate, declining death rate

  Stage 3 ↔️ Declining birth rate, low death rate

  Stage 4 ↔️ Low birth and death rates
• What does a fertility rate above replacement level indicate about population growth?

  Growing
• A fertility rate of 2.1 indicates stable population growth.
• Population density is calculated by dividing the number of individuals by the total area
• Match the type of population distribution with its description.

  Uniform ↔️ Evenly spaced individuals

  Clumped ↔️ Individuals clustered in groups

  Random ↔️ Individuals distributed without a pattern
• What are some primary impacts of overpopulation?

  Resource depletion, environmental degradation
• Resource depletion due to overpopulation can lead to shortages of food, water, and energy.
• Strategies for managing population growth include education, family planning, and economic development
• Which country has a growing population trend according to the case studies provided?

  India
• Germany's declining population trend is influenced by a low fertility rate and high mortality rate.