2.1 Contextualizing 16th- and 17th-Century Challenges and Developments

    Cards (116)

    • What is the time frame of the Age of Reformation?
      1450 to 1648
    • Arrange the phases of the Age of Reformation in chronological order.
      1️⃣ Early Reformation
      2️⃣ Protestant Reformation
      3️⃣ Radical Reformation
      4️⃣ English Reformation
      5️⃣ Counter-Reformation
    • The Early Reformation, from 1450 to 1517, was influenced by humanism
    • What event marked the beginning of the Protestant Reformation in 1517?
      Martin Luther's 95 Theses
    • The Radical Reformation produced movements such as the Anabaptist Movement and the Swiss Brethren.
    • Match the Reformation phase with its key event:
      Early Reformation ↔️ Printing Press
      Protestant Reformation ↔️ 95 Theses
      English Reformation ↔️ Act of Supremacy
    • The Holy Roman Empire in the 15th and 16th centuries was a decentralized collection of territories
    • Who was one of the key political actors in the consolidation of kingdoms during the 15th and 16th centuries?
      Henry VIII
    • Kingdoms in 16th-century Europe were characterized by centralized monarchies and dynastic succession.
    • What was the primary basis of autonomy for city-states like Venice and Florence?
      Trade
    • The growth of trade and commerce in the 16th century created new wealth centers, leading to competition with the Church's economic power
    • The Church's extensive land holdings and revenue collection were criticized for extravagance and corruption.
    • Match the social class with its role in 16th-century Europe:
      Nobility ↔️ Controlled land and political power
      Clergy ↔️ Provided spiritual guidance
      Peasantry ↔️ Engaged in agriculture
    • Which social class in 16th-century Europe sought social mobility through trade and commerce?
      Bourgeoisie
    • The intellectual and cultural context leading to the Reformation was influenced by humanism and the printing press
    • Humanism encouraged critical examination of religious doctrines and papal authority.
    • What facilitated the rapid dissemination of reformist ideas during the Reformation?
      Printing press
    • Humanism encouraged critical examination of religious doctrines and questioned papal authority.
    • Humanism led scholars to re-evaluate the Bible and promote independent interpretation.
    • What two key influences shaped the intellectual and cultural context of the Reformation?
      Humanism and printing press
    • Humanism led scholars to re-evaluate the Bible, promoting independent interpretation.
    • Political unrest and religious conflicts were key challenges during the 16th and 17th centuries.
    • What were the main developments during the 16th and 17th centuries?
      Science, arts, and exploration
    • Match the category with its key challenges and developments:
      Politics ↔️ Rise of centralized monarchies, emergence of nation-states
      Religion ↔️ Protestant Reformation, Council of Trent reforms
      Economics ↔️ Economic disparities, commercial expansion
      Science and Culture ↔️ Scientific Revolution, Renaissance and Baroque art
    • The Age of Reformation spans from 1450 to 1648.
    • The Age of Reformation witnessed challenges to the Catholic Church and the emergence of Protestant denominations.
    • Order the phases of the Age of Reformation:
      1️⃣ Early Reformation
      2️⃣ Protestant Reformation
      3️⃣ Radical Reformation
      4️⃣ English Reformation
      5️⃣ Counter-Reformation
    • What were the key events of the Protestant Reformation (1517–1555)?
      Luther's 95 Theses, Diet of Worms
    • The Radical Reformation (1525–1545) saw the rise of the Anabaptist Movement.
    • The Counter-Reformation was initiated by the Council of Trent and the Jesuit Order.
    • What type of government did kingdoms like France, Spain, and England have in the 15th and 16th centuries?
      Centralized monarchies
    • City-states such as Venice and Florence were governed by independent city councils.
    • Match the state type with its government and key features:
      Kingdoms ↔️ Centralized monarchy, strong central government
      City-states ↔️ Independent city councils, trade-based economies
      Holy Roman Empire ↔️ Decentralized federalism, territories ruled by princes
    • What type of government did kingdoms like France, Spain, and England have in the 15th and 16th centuries?
      Centralized monarchies
    • The Holy Roman Empire was characterized by decentralized federalism
    • City-states like Venice and Florence had autonomous economies based on trade.
    • Who were the political actors in the Holy Roman Empire?
      Emperor and princes
    • The Holy Roman Empire's government was characterized by decentralized federalism
    • Order the types of European governments from most centralized to least centralized in the 15th and 16th centuries.
      1️⃣ Kingdoms
      2️⃣ City-states
      3️⃣ Holy Roman Empire
    • Kingdoms in 15th- and 16th-century Europe had strong central governments and dynastic succession.
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