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AP European History
Unit 2: Age of Reformation (1450–1648)
2.1 Contextualizing 16th- and 17th-Century Challenges and Developments
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What is the time frame of the Age of Reformation?
1450 to 1648
Arrange the phases of the Age of Reformation in chronological order.
1️⃣ Early Reformation
2️⃣ Protestant Reformation
3️⃣ Radical Reformation
4️⃣ English Reformation
5️⃣ Counter-Reformation
The Early Reformation, from 1450 to 1517, was influenced by
humanism
What event marked the beginning of the Protestant Reformation in 1517?
Martin Luther's 95 Theses
The Radical Reformation produced movements such as the Anabaptist Movement and the
Swiss Brethren
.
Match the Reformation phase with its key event:
Early Reformation ↔️ Printing Press
Protestant Reformation ↔️ 95 Theses
English Reformation ↔️ Act of Supremacy
The Holy Roman Empire in the 15th and 16th centuries was a decentralized collection of
territories
Who was one of the key political actors in the consolidation of kingdoms during the 15th and 16th centuries?
Henry VIII
Kingdoms in 16th-century Europe were characterized by centralized
monarchies
and dynastic succession.
What was the primary basis of autonomy for city-states like Venice and Florence?
Trade
The growth of trade and commerce in the 16th century created new wealth centers, leading to competition with the Church's economic
power
The Church's extensive land holdings and
revenue collection
were criticized for extravagance and corruption.
Match the social class with its role in 16th-century Europe:
Nobility ↔️ Controlled land and political power
Clergy ↔️ Provided spiritual guidance
Peasantry ↔️ Engaged in agriculture
Which social class in 16th-century Europe sought social mobility through trade and commerce?
Bourgeoisie
The intellectual and cultural context leading to the Reformation was influenced by humanism and the printing
press
Humanism encouraged critical examination of religious doctrines and
papal authority
.
What facilitated the rapid dissemination of reformist ideas during the Reformation?
Printing press
Humanism encouraged critical examination of religious doctrines and questioned
papal
authority.
Humanism led
scholars
to re-evaluate the Bible and promote independent interpretation.
What two key influences shaped the intellectual and cultural context of the Reformation?
Humanism and printing press
Humanism led scholars to re-evaluate the Bible, promoting independent
interpretation
.
Political unrest and religious conflicts were key challenges during the 16th and
17th
centuries.
What were the main developments during the 16th and 17th centuries?
Science, arts, and exploration
Match the category with its key challenges and developments:
Politics ↔️ Rise of centralized monarchies, emergence of nation-states
Religion ↔️ Protestant Reformation, Council of Trent reforms
Economics ↔️ Economic disparities, commercial expansion
Science and Culture ↔️ Scientific Revolution, Renaissance and Baroque art
The Age of Reformation spans from
1450
to 1648.
The Age of Reformation witnessed challenges to the Catholic Church and the emergence of
Protestant
denominations.
Order the phases of the Age of Reformation:
1️⃣ Early Reformation
2️⃣ Protestant Reformation
3️⃣ Radical Reformation
4️⃣ English Reformation
5️⃣ Counter-Reformation
What were the key events of the Protestant Reformation (1517–1555)?
Luther's 95 Theses, Diet of Worms
The Radical Reformation (1525–1545) saw the rise of the
Anabaptist
Movement.
The Counter-Reformation was initiated by the Council of Trent and the
Jesuit Order
.
What type of government did kingdoms like France, Spain, and England have in the 15th and 16th centuries?
Centralized monarchies
City-states such as Venice and Florence were governed by independent city
councils
.
Match the state type with its government and key features:
Kingdoms ↔️ Centralized monarchy, strong central government
City-states ↔️ Independent city councils, trade-based economies
Holy Roman Empire ↔️ Decentralized federalism, territories ruled by princes
What type of government did kingdoms like France, Spain, and England have in the 15th and 16th centuries?
Centralized monarchies
The Holy Roman Empire was characterized by decentralized
federalism
City-states like Venice and
Florence
had autonomous economies based on trade.
Who were the political actors in the Holy Roman Empire?
Emperor and princes
The Holy Roman Empire's government was characterized by decentralized
federalism
Order the types of European governments from most centralized to least centralized in the 15th and 16th centuries.
1️⃣ Kingdoms
2️⃣ City-states
3️⃣ Holy Roman Empire
Kingdoms in 15th- and 16th-century Europe had strong central governments and
dynastic succession
.
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