3.3.2 Temperature and Kinetic Energy

• What is temperature a measure of in a gas?

  Average kinetic energy
• The relationship between kinetic energy, mass, and velocity is expressed as KE =1/2mv².
• Temperature is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of gas particles.
• What happens to the average kinetic energy of gas particles if the temperature increases?

  It increases
• Increasing the temperature of a gas results in faster particle speed.
• Higher gas temperature leads to more frequent and forceful collisions between particles.
• What effect does increased particle collision frequency have on the gas?

  Increases pressure
• Temperature is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of gas particles.
• What happens to the pressure of a gas when its temperature increases?

  Increases
• The kinetic theory of gases assumes particles have negligible volume and no intermolecular forces.
• At high temperatures, the negligible volume assumption of gas particles becomes invalid.
• What type of forces become significant between gas particles at high temperatures?

  Intermolecular forces
• The ideal gas law accurately models gas behavior at high temperatures.

  False
• Match the assumption of the kinetic theory with its reality at high temperatures:

  Particles have negligible volume ↔️ Particle volume is significant

  No intermolecular forces ↔️ Attractive and repulsive forces become important
• What happens to the pressure inside a balloon when it is heated by sunlight?

  Increases
• In internal combustion engines, the increased temperature after combustion drives the pistons to produce mechanical work.
• Differential heating of the Earth's surface by the sun leads to temperature gradients and wind patterns.