2.5.1 Structure and Function

• What is the function of power stations in the National Grid?

  Generate electricity
• High-voltage transmission lines carry electricity over long distances with minimal loss
• Transformers in the National Grid can only step down voltage.

  False
• What is the role of substations in the National Grid?

  Distribute electricity
• Order the sequence of how electricity is transmitted through the National Grid.

  1️⃣ Generation at power stations

  2️⃣ Step-up voltage by transformers

  3️⃣ Transmission through high-voltage lines

  4️⃣ Step-down voltage at substations

  5️⃣ Distribution to homes and businesses
• Power stations generate electricity from sources like coal, gas, nuclear, or renewable energy
• Why is high-voltage used in transmission lines?

  To minimize energy loss
• Match the component with its purpose in the National Grid:

  Power Stations ↔️ Generate electricity

  High-Voltage Transmission Lines ↔️ Carry electricity over long distances

  Transformers ↔️ Increase or decrease voltage

  Substations ↔️ Distribute electricity
• What is the primary function of transformers in the National Grid?

  Increase or decrease voltage
• Transformers at power plants step down voltage to reduce energy loss during transmission.

  False
• The voltage transformation ratio in a transformer is given by: \frac{V_{1}}{N_{1}} = \frac{V_{2}}{N_{2}}
• Why is voltage stepped up at power stations?

  To minimize energy loss
• Where are transformers used to step down voltage in the National Grid?

  Substations
• Transformers can both increase and decrease voltage in the National Grid.
• Order the phases of electricity transmission through the National Grid.

  1️⃣ Generation at power stations

  2️⃣ Voltage step-up by transformers

  3️⃣ Transmission through high-voltage lines

  4️⃣ Voltage step-down at substations

  5️⃣ Distribution to homes and businesses
• What does the voltage transformation ratio describe in electrical systems?

  Voltage change between primary and secondary coils
• The voltage transformation ratio is given by the formula: \frac{V_{1}}{N_{1}} = \frac{V_{2}}{N_{2}}
• The primary voltage in the voltage transformation ratio is denoted by $V_{1}$
• Match the variable with its meaning in the voltage transformation ratio:

  $V_{1}$ ↔️ Primary voltage

  $N_{1}$ ↔️ Number of primary turns

  $V_{2}$ ↔️ Secondary voltage

  $N_{2}$ ↔️ Number of secondary turns
• Outline the phases of electricity transmission through the National Grid:

  1️⃣ Generation

  2️⃣ Transmission

  3️⃣ Transformation

  4️⃣ Distribution
• Where is electricity generated in the National Grid?

  Power stations
• Transformers in the transmission phase step up the voltage
• The voltage transformation ratio at substations in the National Grid is $\frac{V_{1}}{N_{1}} =$$\frac{V_{2}}{N_{2}}$
• Match the voltage level with its benefit in the National Grid:

  High Voltage ↔️ Reduces power loss during transmission

  Low Voltage ↔️ Safe for home and business use
• What is the formula for power loss in high-voltage transmission?

  $P =$$I^{2}R$
• In high-voltage transmission, the voltage level is high
• The purpose of high-voltage transmission is to minimize energy loss over long distances
• What are the main components of the National Grid?

  Power stations, transformers, lines
• Match the component of the National Grid with its purpose:

  Power Stations ↔️ Generate electricity

  Transformers ↔️ Increase or decrease voltage

  Substations ↔️ Distribute electricity locally

  Distribution Networks ↔️ Deliver electricity to homes
• What are the two primary functions of transformers in the National Grid?

  Step-up and step-down voltage
• Transformers at power stations step up the voltage to minimize loss
• Transformers at substations step down the voltage for safe distribution to homes
• Outline the phases of electricity transmission through the National Grid:

  1️⃣ Generation

  2️⃣ Transmission

  3️⃣ Transformation

  4️⃣ Distribution