Globalization by Steger

• Globalization is defined by Manfred Steger as the expansion and intensification of social relations and consciousness across world-time and across the world space
• Examples of globalization include:

  • Growth of social media
  • Enhancement of connections between people in different countries around the globe
  • Trade of goods and services
• In 2012, Monsoon, a Honda car, temporarily ceased production, leading to negative effects on Honda and a decrease in Japanese manufacturing
• Manfred Steger distinguishes "globalization" from "globalism":

  • Globalism is a concept of ideology
  • Globalization is seen as a natural phenomenon and inevitable
• Globalization refers to the expansion and intensification of global connections, while globalism is a belief that global integration of markets is beneficial for all and spreads freedom and democracy
• Critics of "globalization" often target globalism, but "globalization" refers to a larger phenomenon beyond just integrated global markets
• Expansion in globalization includes:

  • Creation of new networks and platforms
  • Multiplication of existing connections, such as NGOs, UN, and NATO
• Globalization can be categorized into three main areas:

  I. Traditional-Political

  II. Economic-Cultural

  III. Geographic Boundaries
• Intensification in globalization involves:

  • Expansion
  • Stretching
  • Acceleration