CP10 Preparation of a Pure Organic Solid

• To identify the organic solid to be prepared, we need to consider the specific compound that will be synthesized
• What are examples of organic solids prepared in CP10?

  Amides or alcohol derivatives
• Concentrated sulfuric acid acts as a catalyst in the synthesis of ethyl acetate.
• The first step in setting up the reaction apparatus is to attach the reflux condenser to the round-bottom flask using a tight rubber connector
• Steps to set up the reaction apparatus

  1️⃣ Attach the reflux condenser to the flask

  2️⃣ Secure the flask to a retort stand

  3️⃣ Place the flask in a water bath

  4️⃣ Add a magnetic stirrer to the flask
• What is the target organic solid in the synthesis of ethyl acetate?

  Ethyl acetate
• Concentrated sulfuric acid is used in CP10 to accelerate the reaction and remove water
• Heating the reaction mixture under reflux ensures maximum conversion.
• What precaution should be taken when adding reagents during the reaction?

  Wear gloves
• Filtration is a technique used to separate solid particles from a liquid using filter paper
• Match the separation technique with its principle:

  Filtration ↔️ Physical separation by size

  Decantation ↔️ Liquid removal by gravity

  Solvent Extraction ↔️ Selective dissolving
• In CP10, preparing an amide or a crystalline derivative of an alcohol is an example of identifying the organic solid.
• When selecting starting materials, ensure they have the desired functional groups
• Which starting materials are used to synthesize ethyl acetate?

  Acetic acid and ethanol
• The synthesis of ethyl acetate uses acetic acid and ethanol
• What role does concentrated sulfuric acid play in the synthesis of ethyl acetate?

  Catalyst
• Steps for setting up the reaction apparatus in the synthesis of ethyl acetate

  1️⃣ Attach the reflux condenser to the round-bottom flask using a tight rubber connector

  2️⃣ Secure the flask to a retort stand with a clamp

  3️⃣ Place the flask in a water bath on a hot plate

  4️⃣ Add a magnetic stirrer to the flask
• Ensuring a tight seal between the reflux condenser and the flask prevents vapor leaks.
• When placing the flask in a water bath, avoid overheating
• What is the purpose of refluxing the reaction mixture in the synthesis of ethyl acetate?

  Ensure maximum conversion
• Continuously stirring the solution ensures even distribution of heat and reactants
• Match the separation technique with its principle:

  Filtration ↔️ Physical separation by size

  Decantation ↔️ Liquid removal by gravity

  Solvent Extraction ↔️ Selective dissolving
• What is the primary purpose of recrystallization in organic chemistry?

  Purify organic solids
• Steps involved in recrystallization

  1️⃣ Dissolve the solid in hot solvent

  2️⃣ Remove insoluble impurities by filtration

  3️⃣ Allow the solution to slowly cool and form crystals

  4️⃣ Collect the pure crystals by filtration

  5️⃣ Dry the crystals to remove solvent
• A solvent for recrystallization should dissolve the solid well at high temperatures and sparingly at low temperatures.
• Which drying method is the simplest and requires no equipment?

  Air Drying
• Oven drying is fast but can risk degradation
• Desiccator drying is a gentle method that preserves purity.
• What does a sharp melting point indicate about a solid's purity?

  High purity
• Infrared spectroscopy identifies functional groups
• What does a sharp melting point indicate about a solid's purity?

  High purity
• Infrared spectroscopy is used to identify functional groups.
• What type of information does NMR spectroscopy provide about a solid's structure?

  Detailed structural information
• A broad melting point range indicates high purity of a solid.

  False
• What does IR spectroscopy detect in a molecule?

  Specific bonds
• NMR spectroscopy is used to determine the detailed structure of a molecule.
• Steps to characterize the purity and structure of ethyl acetate

  1️⃣ Check its boiling point

  2️⃣ Use IR spectroscopy to identify the ester functional group

  3️⃣ Employ NMR spectroscopy to confirm its molecular structure