9.3.1 Nature vs. Nurture

• What is the central debate in psychology concerning Nature vs. Nurture?

  Genes versus environment
• Nature refers to inherited genetic predispositions
• Nurture is influenced by environmental factors and learning experiences.
• Match the concept with its example:

  Nature ↔️ Physical traits

  Nurture ↔️ Cultural norms
• The main influence of Nature is genes
• Cultural norms are examples of Nurture's influence.
• What are the two primary influences in the Nature vs. Nurture debate?

  Genes and environment
• Match the historical perspective with its proponent:

  Nativism ↔️ Plato

  Empiricism ↔️ John Locke
• Plato's Nativism suggests knowledge is innate
• What do twin studies reveal about Nature vs. Nurture?

  Genetic influence on traits
• Adopted children resemble their biological parents more than their adoptive parents in certain traits.
• Who pioneered twin studies to investigate Nature vs. Nurture?

  Francis Galton
• Identical twins often exhibit similar behaviors and traits even when raised separately
• Arrange the environmental influences on behavior in order of increasing complexity:

  1️⃣ Family

  2️⃣ Culture

  3️⃣ Education
• Supportive parenting fosters emotional stability in children.
• Collectivist societies prioritize group harmony
• What is the name of Albert Bandura's theory emphasizing environmental influence?

  Social learning theory
• What type of parenting fosters emotional stability in children?

  Supportive
• Collectivist societies prioritize group harmony
• Early childhood education can enhance cognitive skills.
• Who developed the social learning theory?

  Albert Bandura
• The family environment is a key factor in shaping personality.
• Culture shapes social norms and values
• What is the key mechanism in epigenetics?

  Environmental modification of gene expression
• The Diathesis-Stress Model explains how genetic predispositions interact with stressors.
• Match the key figure with their contribution:

  Caspi et al. ↔️ 5-HTT gene and depression

  Meaney ↔️ Early life stress and methylation
• What does the Nature vs. Nurture debate concern?

  Genetic and environmental contributions
• In the Nature vs. Nurture debate, Nature refers to inherited genetic traits
• Nurture includes education, culture, and environment as main influences.
• What is an example of a Nature-influenced trait?

  Eye color
• A person's height is largely influenced by Nature
• Plato's Nativism suggests knowledge is innate.
• Which philosopher advocated Empirism, emphasizing sensory experience?

  John Locke
• Who proposed the idea of Nativism in the Nature vs. Nurture debate?

  Plato
• Plato's perspective, called Nativism, suggests that knowledge is innate
• Which philosopher advocated Empiricism, emphasizing that knowledge comes from sensory experiences?

  John Locke
• Nativism highlights the influence of genetic factors on cognition.
• Empiricism emphasizes the role of the environment in shaping human behavior
• What does Empiricism suggest is the primary source of knowledge?

  Experience
• Modern perspectives on Nature vs. Nurture acknowledge the interaction between genes and environment.