9.2.2 Inferential Statistics

• What are inferential statistics used for?

  Drawing conclusions about populations
• Inferential statistics draw conclusions about a larger population
• The significance level in inferential statistics is typically set at 0.05.
• What does the p-value indicate in hypothesis testing?

  Probability of observed data
• Descriptive statistics summarize data from a sample
• Inferential statistics are used to draw conclusions about a population.
• Match the statistic type with its purpose:

  Descriptive statistics ↔️ Summarize and present data

  Inferential statistics ↔️ Draw conclusions about the population
• Steps involved in using inferential statistics

  1️⃣ Make inferences about a population

  2️⃣ Test hypotheses to determine significance

  3️⃣ Estimate population parameters using confidence intervals
• What is one purpose of inferential statistics?

  Make inferences about populations
• Inferential statistics draw conclusions about a population based on a sample
• Descriptive statistics focus on population data.

  False
• Into what two categories are inferential statistics tests broadly categorized?

  Parametric and non-parametric
• Parametric tests assume data follows a specific distribution
• What is an example of a parametric test?

  t-test
• Non-parametric tests do not assume a specific data distribution.
• What is an example of a non-parametric test?

  Wilcoxon rank-sum test
• Parametric tests are used for comparing means
• Inferential statistics tests can be broadly categorized into parametric and non-parametric tests
• Parametric tests assume the data follows a specific distribution, typically normal.
• What is the primary purpose of parametric tests?

  Comparing means or analyzing relationships
• Non-parametric tests assume the data follows a normal distribution.

  False
• What is the primary purpose of inferential statistics?

  Draw conclusions about populations
• Match the statistic type with its purpose:

  Descriptive ↔️ Summarize and present data

  Inferential ↔️ Draw conclusions about populations
• Inferential statistics are used to test hypotheses and estimate population parameters.
• Steps in hypothesis testing

  1️⃣ Formulate H_{0}</latex> and $H_{1}$

  2️⃣ Choose significance level $\alpha$

  3️⃣ Calculate p-value

  4️⃣ Compare p-value with $\alpha$

  5️⃣ Reject or fail to reject $H_{0}$
• What is the purpose of confidence intervals in inferential statistics?

  Estimate population parameters
• In inferential statistics, we use sample data to draw conclusions about the population
• What is the purpose of inferential statistics?

  Draw conclusions about a population
• Inferential statistics are used to make inferences about a population
• Inferential statistics test hypotheses to determine statistically significant effects.
• What do inferential statistics estimate using confidence intervals?

  Population parameters
• The purpose of inferential statistics is to draw conclusions about the population
• Inferential statistics focus on sample data to draw conclusions about the population.

  False
• Match the statistical method with its application:

  Measures of central tendency ↔️ Descriptive statistics

  Hypothesis testing ↔️ Inferential statistics
• What are the two broad categories of inferential statistics tests?

  Parametric and non-parametric
• Parametric tests assume data follows a normal distribution
• Non-parametric tests do not require specific assumptions about data distribution.
• What does the null hypothesis state in hypothesis testing?

  No significant difference
• The null hypothesis ($H_{0}$) is what we attempt to disprove
• What does the alternative hypothesis claim in hypothesis testing?

  A significant difference