8.1.2 Neurons and Synapses

• Neurons are specialized cells that transmit electrical and chemical signals throughout the nervous system
• What is the function of motor neurons?

  Transmit signals to muscles
• Relay neurons are found primarily in the brain and spinal cord.
• Match the neuron type with its function:

  Motor Neurons ↔️ Transmit signals to muscles

  Sensory Neurons ↔️ Carry information from sensory receptors

  Relay Neurons ↔️ Connect sensory and motor neurons
• The cell body of a neuron contains the nucleus
• What is the function of dendrites in a neuron?

  Receive signals
• The axon is a long, slender projection that transmits signals from the cell body to other neurons or target cells.
• Arrange the components of a neuron based on their role in signal transmission:

  1️⃣ Dendrites receive signals

  2️⃣ Signals are processed in the cell body

  3️⃣ Signals are transmitted along the axon
• What is the function of dendrites in a neuron?

  Receive signals
• The axon transmits electrical signals from the cell body to other neurons or target cells.
• Neurons are specialized cells that transmit electrical and chemical signals in the nervous system
• What are the three main types of neurons?

  Motor, sensory, relay
• Motor neurons transmit signals from the brain to muscles and glands.
• Relay neurons connect sensory and motor neurons within the brain or spinal cord
• What does the cell body of a neuron contain?

  Nucleus and organelles
• Match the type of neuron with its function:

  Motor Neurons ↔️ Transmit signals to muscles

  Sensory Neurons ↔️ Carry information from receptors

  Relay Neurons ↔️ Connect sensory and motor neurons
• What are the three key components of a neuron?

  Cell body, dendrites, axon
• Dendrites receive signals from other neurons and convey them to the cell body
• The axon transmits electrical signals away from the cell body.
• What is a synapse?

  Junction between neurons
• Order the components of a synapse from signal transmission to reception:

  1️⃣ Presynaptic Neuron

  2️⃣ Synaptic Cleft

  3️⃣ Postsynaptic Neuron
• Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, causing a change in its membrane potential
• Neurotransmitters enable communication between neurons by binding to receptors.
• Which part of a synapse releases neurotransmitters?

  Presynaptic Neuron
• Which part of a synapse receives neurotransmitters?

  Postsynaptic Neuron
• Order the steps of neurotransmission across a synapse:

  1️⃣ Neurotransmitter Release

  2️⃣ Neurotransmitter Diffusion

  3️⃣ Receptor Binding

  4️⃣ Signal Termination
• After neurotransmitter binds, the signal is terminated by reuptake, enzymatic degradation, or diffusion
• The process of neurotransmission across a synapse involves several steps
• Steps in neurotransmitter release during neurotransmission

  1️⃣ Action potential reaches presynaptic terminal

  2️⃣ Influx of $Ca^{2 + }$ ions

  3️⃣ Neurotransmitter-filled vesicles fuse with presynaptic membrane

  4️⃣ Neurotransmitters are released into synaptic cleft
• Neurotransmitters bind to specific receptors
• Match the signal termination method with its description:

  Reuptake ↔️ Transporters recycle neurotransmitters into presynaptic neuron

  Enzymatic Degradation ↔️ Enzymes break down neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft

  Diffusion ↔️ Neurotransmitters diffuse out of the synaptic cleft
• Neurons are specialized cells that transmit electrical and chemical signals
• Match the neuron type with its function:

  Motor Neuron ↔️ Transmits signals to muscles and glands

  Sensory Neuron ↔️ Carries information from sensory receptors

  Relay Neuron ↔️ Connects sensory and motor neurons
• The cell body of a neuron contains the nucleus and other organelles
• Dendrites receive signals from other neurons
• The axon of a neuron transmits signals to other neurons or target cells
• The cell body integrates signals from dendrites
• Dendrites receive signals from other neurons
• Steps in signal transmission within a neuron

  1️⃣ Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on postsynaptic membrane

  2️⃣ Action potential is triggered

  3️⃣ Signal is terminated by reuptake or enzymatic degradation
• The cell body of a neuron provides metabolic support