17.1.1 Aldehydes and Ketones

    Cards (42)

    • What is the functional group in carbonyl compounds?
      Carbonyl group
    • An example of an aldehyde is formaldehyde
    • The carbonyl group in aldehydes is located at the end of the carbon chain.
    • What is the structure of a ketone?
      R - CO - R'</latex>
    • Formaldehyde has the chemical formula CH2OCH_{2}O
    • Ketones have the carbonyl group in the middle of the carbon chain.
    • What is the structure of the carbonyl group?
      C=C =O O
    • Ketones are more reactive than aldehydes due to the position of the carbonyl group.
      False
    • Aldehydes can be easily oxidized to carboxylic acids.
    • Why are aldehydes more reactive than ketones?
      Carbonyl group is accessible
    • Aldehydes and ketones have the same chemical properties.
      False
    • Ketones have the general structure R−CO−R′R - CO - R'
    • What is the role of the carbonyl group in aldehydes and ketones?
      Unique properties and reactivity
    • The suffix for aldehydes in IUPAC nomenclature is -al
    • What is the suffix for ketones in IUPAC nomenclature?
      -one
    • In aldehydes, the carbonyl carbon is always numbered as position 1.
    • The polarity of the carbonyl group in aldehydes and ketones influences their physical properties.
    • Why do aldehydes and ketones have higher boiling points compared to alkanes?
      Polar carbonyl group
    • What functional group influences the physical properties of aldehydes and ketones?
      Carbonyl group (C=O)
    • Aldehydes and ketones have higher boiling points than alkanes but lower than alcohols.
    • The absence of hydrogen bonding in aldehydes and ketones compared to alcohols results in lower boiling points and solubility
    • What type of reaction occurs when aldehydes and ketones react with hydrogen cyanide (HCN)?
      Addition
    • Aldehydes are easily oxidized to carboxylic acids by mild oxidizing agents, whereas ketones require strong conditions to break C-C bonds
    • Steps in the reduction of aldehydes to primary alcohols using sodium borohydride
      1️⃣ React aldehyde with sodium borohydride
      2️⃣ Protonation to form alcohol
    • Aldehydes are more reactive than ketones due to the greater accessibility of the carbonyl carbon.
    • Match the type of carbonyl compound with its structure:
      Aldehyde ↔️ R - CHO</latex>
      Ketone ↔️ R−CO−R′R - CO - R'
    • Where is the carbonyl group located in aldehydes versus ketones?
      End of chain vs. middle
    • In ketones, the carbonyl group is located in the middle of the carbon chain.
    • Aldehydes are located at the end of the carbon chain, while ketones are located in the middle
    • Why are aldehydes more reactive than ketones?
      Accessibility of carbonyl group
    • Match the carbonyl compound with its example:
      Formaldehyde ↔️ CH2OCH_{2}O
      Acetone ↔️ CH3COCH3CH_{3}COCH_{3}
    • In IUPAC nomenclature, aldehydes use the suffix "-al", while ketones use the suffix "-one".
    • In naming aldehydes, the carbonyl carbon is always assigned the number one
    • What is the IUPAC name for CH_{3}CH(CH_{3})CH_{2}CHO</latex>?
      3-Methylbutanal
    • Match the physical property with its comparison between aldehydes and ketones:
      Boiling Point ↔️ Aldehydes and ketones have similar boiling points
      Solubility in Water ↔️ Both decrease with chain length
    • Aldehydes and ketones are less soluble in water than alcohols because they cannot form hydrogen bonds.
    • Aldehydes and ketones undergo chemical reactions due to the presence of the carbonyl group.
    • What product is formed when aldehydes react with hydrogen cyanide (HCN)?
      Cyanohydrins
    • Ketones can be oxidized to carboxylic acids under mild conditions.
      False
    • Primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes using pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) as a mild oxidizing agent.