8.5.3 Addiction and Dependence

    Cards (96)

    • Addiction and dependence are related but distinct concepts
    • Addiction is characterized by compulsive engagement in rewarding behaviors despite adverse consequences.
    • Dependence refers to a state where the body relies on a substance to function normally
    • Dependence always leads to addiction.
      False
    • Match the characteristic with its concept:
      Compulsive behavior despite harm ↔️ Addiction
      Withdrawal symptoms when substance is stopped ↔️ Dependence
    • A person can be dependent on a medication without being addicted.
    • Dopamine is a key neurotransmitter that drives the brain's reward system
    • Serotonin imbalances can contribute to seeking addictive substances.
    • GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that can be affected by substances, leading to dependence
    • Steps involved in the reward pathway in the brain:
      1️⃣ Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) produces dopamine
      2️⃣ Nucleus Accumbens receives dopamine, producing pleasure
      3️⃣ Prefrontal Cortex manages planning and decision-making
    • Addictive substances cause a surge in dopamine release, overriding normal reward processes.
    • What is the role of the prefrontal cortex in the reward pathway?
      Manages planning and decision-making
    • Dopamine is the primary neurotransmitter that transmits signals along the reward pathway
    • Dopamine release is triggered only by substances like drugs.
      False
    • What does dopamine reinforce when released in the brain?
      Behaviors creating pleasure
    • Addictive substances cause a surge in dopamine release, overriding normal reward processes
    • Addiction is primarily a psychological condition characterized by compulsive behavior despite harm.
    • What is dependence in the context of substance use?
      Body relies on substance
    • Dopamine is a key driver of the brain's reward system
    • Imbalances in serotonin levels can contribute to drug-seeking behavior.
    • What is the role of GABA in the brain?
      Inhibits brain activity
    • Endorphins are natural painkillers that contribute to feelings of pleasure
    • Components of the reward pathway in order of signal transmission
      1️⃣ Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA)
      2️⃣ Nucleus Accumbens
      3️⃣ Prefrontal Cortex
    • The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is responsible for producing dopamine.
    • Which brain region receives dopamine and produces feelings of pleasure?
      Nucleus Accumbens
    • Dopamine is released during rewarding activities, reinforcing the associated behaviors
    • In addiction, dopamine release is triggered by natural rewards only.
      False
    • What is tolerance in the context of substance use?
      Adaptation requiring more substance
    • Withdrawal symptoms occur when a substance is stopped or reduced
    • Withdrawal symptoms are purely physical.
      False
    • Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the brain's reward pathway?
      Dopamine
    • Drugs increase dopamine levels more intensely than natural rewards
    • Addiction is a physical condition requiring medical treatment.
      False
    • What is the primary focus of dependence in substance use?
      Physical reliance on substance
    • What is the key neurotransmitter in the brain's reward pathway?
      Dopamine
    • Dopamine is released in the nucleus accumbens during pleasurable activities.
    • Dopamine is only released during drug use.
      False
    • What is the key role of dopamine in addiction?
      Drives reward and pleasure
    • What role does serotonin play in addiction?
      Mood and impulse control
    • Substances that enhance GABA lead to calming effects and dependence.