8.5.1 Major Neurotransmitters

• Order the steps of neurotransmitter release and action during neuronal communication.

  1️⃣ Action potential reaches presynaptic terminal

  2️⃣ Neurotransmitters released into synaptic cleft

  3️⃣ Neurotransmitters bind to postsynaptic receptors

  4️⃣ Postsynaptic neuron is either excited or inhibited
• Match the neurotransmitter with its key function.

  Acetylcholine ↔️ Muscle contraction

  Dopamine ↔️ Reward

  Serotonin ↔️ Mood regulation

  GABA ↔️ Reduces anxiety
• Which neurotransmitter is associated with motor control, motivation, and reward?

  Dopamine
• Neurotransmitters are essential for communication in the nervous system because they transmit signals across synapses
• What are neurotransmitters?

  Chemical messengers
• Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals across synapses
• What is the primary function of neurotransmitters in the nervous system?

  Communication
• Neurotransmitters transmit signals directly through neurons without synapses.

  False
• Neurotransmitters transmit signals across synapses between neurons or to target cells.
• Acetylcholine (ACh) plays a key role in muscle contraction, memory, and learning
• What is the chemical formula for dopamine?

  $C_{8}H_{11}NO_{2}$
• Serotonin is involved in mood regulation, sleep, and appetite.
• Which neurotransmitter inhibits neuronal firing and reduces anxiety?

  GABA
• Neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft
• Steps in the release and action of neurotransmitters

  1️⃣ Action potential reaches presynaptic terminal

  2️⃣ Neurotransmitters are released into synaptic cleft

  3️⃣ Neurotransmitters bind to postsynaptic receptors

  4️⃣ Postsynaptic neuron is excited or inhibited
• Acetylcholine's chemical formula is $C_{7}H_{16}NO_{2}$.
• What is the key function of dopamine?

  Motor control, motivation, reward
• The major neurotransmitters have distinct functions in neuronal communication
• Acetylcholine is involved in muscle contraction at the neuromuscular junction.
• Match the neurotransmitter with its function:

  Acetylcholine ↔️ Muscle contraction

  Dopamine ↔️ Motor control

  Serotonin ↔️ Mood regulation

  GABA ↔️ Reduces anxiety
• The chemical formula for acetylcholine is $C_{7}H_{16}NO_{2}$
• What role does dopamine play in motor control?

  Regulates movement and coordination
• Dopamine mediates feelings of pleasure and satisfaction.
• What is the chemical formula for dopamine?

  C_{8}H_{11}NO_{2}</latex>
• Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals across synapses
• Match the neurotransmitter with its chemical formula:

  Acetylcholine ↔️ C_{7}H_{16}NO_{2}</latex>

  Dopamine ↔️ $C_{8}H_{11}NO_{2}$

  Serotonin ↔️ $C_{10}H_{12}N_{2}O$

  GABA ↔️ $C_{4}H_{9}NO_{2}$
• Each major neurotransmitter has a unique role in neuronal communication.
• What is the chemical formula for acetylcholine?

  $C_{7}H_{16}NO_{2}$
• Dopamine drives motivation and mediates feelings of pleasure
• The chemical formula for dopamine is $C_{8}H_{11}NO_{2}$.
• Match the function of serotonin with its description:

  Mood Regulation ↔️ Affects emotional state

  Sleep ↔️ Regulates sleep-wake cycles

  Appetite ↔️ Influences food intake
• What is the chemical formula for serotonin?

  $C_{10}H_{12}N_{2}O$
• Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter and hormone that regulates alertness and the body's stress response
• Norepinephrine increases alertness and wakefulness.
• What is the chemical formula for norepinephrine?

  $C_{8}H_{11}NO_{3}$
• What two roles does norepinephrine play in the body?

  Neurotransmitter and hormone
• Norepinephrine is synthesized from dopamine
• Norepinephrine increases alertness and wakefulness.
• What emotional states does norepinephrine affect?

  Mood and emotional states
• Norepinephrine facilitates the fight-or-flight response.