5.1 Introduction to the Generation of '98 and Modernism

• La Generación del 98 surgió después de la Guerra Hispanoamericana de 1898
• La Generación del 98 se caracterizó por su introspección nacional y crítica de la identidad española.
• Relacione a los autores de la Generación del 98 con sus obras clave:

  Miguel de Unamuno ↔️ $Niebla$

  Pío Baroja ↔️ $El árbol de la ciencia$

  Antonio Machado ↔️ $Campos de Castilla$

  Azorín (José Martínez Ruiz) ↔️ $La voluntad$
• Ordene los eventos históricos que influyeron en la Generación del 98:

  1️⃣ Decadencia económica de España

  2️⃣ Inestabilidad política interna

  3️⃣ Pérdida de Cuba y Filipinas

  4️⃣ Resurgimiento del nacionalismo
• El Modernismo en la literatura española enfatizó la subjetividad
• El Modernismo y la Generación del 98 compartieron un enfoque en la introspección nacional.

  False
• Relacione a los autores del Modernismo con sus obras clave:

  Rubén Darío ↔️ $Azul...$

  José Martí ↔️ $Versos Sencillos$

  Amado Nervo ↔️ $Perlas Negras$
• La Generación del 98 se caracterizó por su idealismo y deseo de restaurar la antigua grandeza de España.
• Who pioneered Modernism in Spanish literature?

  Rubén Darío
• José Martí inspired Modernism with revolutionary and aesthetic themes.
• Amado Nervo explored spiritual and melancholic themes in his works.
• What event led to the emergence of the Generation of '98?

  Spanish-American War of 1898
• The Generation of '98 focused on introspective examination of Spanish identity and cultural values.
• The Generation of '98 aimed to restore the former greatness of Spain.
• Match the key figure of the Generation of '98 with their themes and works:

  Miguel de Unamuno ↔️ Spanish identity, existentialism ||| $Niebla$

  Pío Baroja ↔️ Realism social, pesimismo ||| $El árbol de la ciencia$

  Azorín ↔️ España rural, sencillez ||| $La voluntad$

  Antonio Machado ↔️ Paisaje, vida interior ||| $Campos de Castilla$
• Miguel de Unamuno explored existential themes and Spanish identity in his works.
• What themes did Pío Baroja portray in his works?

  Social realities and pessimism
• Azorín celebrated rural Spain and simplicity in his works.
• Order the historical events that influenced the Generation of '98:

  1️⃣ Spanish-American War of 1898

  2️⃣ Loss of Cuba and Philippines

  3️⃣ National humiliation

  4️⃣ Economic decline and widespread poverty

  5️⃣ Political instability and corruption
• What were the consequences of the Spanish-American War for Spain?

  Loss of Cuba and Philippines
• Economic decline led to widespread poverty and unemployment in Spain.
• The Spanish-American War prompted the Generation of '98 to examine Spanish identity and culture critically.
• What was the focus of Modernism in Spanish literature?

  Aesthetic innovation and subjectivity
• Modernism emphasized experimentation and innovative form over content.
• Match the key figure of Modernism with their major contributions and key works:

  Rubén Darío ↔️ Pioneered Modernism, innovative forms ||| $Azul...$

  José Martí ↔️ Revolutionary and aesthetic themes ||| $Versos Sencillos$

  Amado Nervo ↔️ Spiritual and melancholic themes ||| $Perlas Negras$
• Aestheticism in Modernism emphasizes beauty and form over content.
• What is the role of symbolism in Modernism?

  Convey complex ideas
• The Generation of '98 focused on national identity, while Modernism emphasized aesthetic innovation.
• The Generation of '98 addressed themes like decadence of Spain, while Modernism explored inner life and beauty.