5.4.3 Meta-Analysis

• What is meta-analysis in clinical psychology research?

  Combining results of multiple studies
• Meta-analysis combines data from various sources to provide a more precise and comprehensive estimate of the treatment effect
• Formulating research questions is the first step in conducting a meta-analysis.
• Steps in conducting a meta-analysis

  1️⃣ Formulating research questions and criteria for inclusion

  2️⃣ Identifying relevant studies through literature searches

  3️⃣ Extracting data from each study

  4️⃣ Calculating effect sizes (e.g., Cohen's d)

  5️⃣ Combining effect sizes using appropriate statistical models

  6️⃣ Analyzing and interpreting the pooled results

  7️⃣ Assessing publication bias and heterogeneity
• What is an example of an effect size used in meta-analysis?

  Cohen's d
• Meta-analysis increases statistical power in clinical psychology research.
• What is a limitation of meta-analysis in clinical psychology?

  Assumes homogeneity of studies
• Why is meta-analysis used in clinical psychology?

  To estimate treatment effects
• Publication bias can skew the results of a meta-analysis.
• What does meta-analysis assume about the studies being combined?

  Homogeneity of studies
• Meta-analysis can identify moderators of treatment effects
• Steps in conducting a meta-analysis

  1️⃣ Formulating research questions and criteria for inclusion

  2️⃣ Identifying relevant studies through literature searches

  3️⃣ Extracting data from each study

  4️⃣ Calculating effect sizes (e.g., Cohen's d)

  5️⃣ Combining effect sizes using appropriate statistical models

  6️⃣ Analyzing and interpreting results

  7️⃣ Assessing publication bias and heterogeneity
• What is an example of an effect size used in meta-analysis?

  Cohen's d
• Meta-analysis can identify moderators of treatment effects
• What is the primary goal of meta-analysis in clinical psychology?

  To increase statistical power
• Meta-analysis can combine studies with heterogeneous populations.

  False
• Meta-analysis is susceptible to publication bias
• Steps in conducting a meta-analysis

  1️⃣ Formulating research questions and criteria for study inclusion

  2️⃣ Identifying relevant studies through literature searches

  3️⃣ Extracting data from each study

  4️⃣ Calculating effect sizes (e.g., Cohen's d)

  5️⃣ Combining effect sizes using appropriate statistical models

  6️⃣ Analyzing and interpreting the pooled results

  7️⃣ Assessing publication bias and heterogeneity
• What statistical measure is commonly used to calculate effect sizes in meta-analysis?

  Cohen's d
• Meta-analysis assesses both publication bias and study heterogeneity
• Meta-analysis combines data from multiple primary studies to estimate treatment effects.
• Meta-analysis involves identifying relevant studies through literature searches
• Effect sizes in meta-analysis are often calculated using Cohen's d
• Combining effect sizes in meta-analysis requires appropriate statistical models
• Meta-analysis includes assessing publication bias
• Steps involved in conducting a meta-analysis

  1️⃣ Formulating research questions

  2️⃣ Identifying relevant studies

  3️⃣ Extracting data from studies

  4️⃣ Calculating effect sizes

  5️⃣ Combining effect sizes

  6️⃣ Analyzing pooled results

  7️⃣ Assessing publication bias
• Meta-analysis enhances statistical power
• Meta-analysis provides a comprehensive overview of treatment effects
• Meta-analysis can identify moderators of treatment effects
• Match the advantage with its corresponding limitation in meta-analysis:

  Enhances statistical power ↔️ Susceptible to publication bias

  Provides broader perspective ↔️ Assumes homogeneity of studies

  Identifies moderators of effects ↔️ Complex and time-consuming
• Meta-analysis combines the results of multiple studies examining the same hypothesis
• Meta-analysis aims to increase statistical power and provide a broader overview of treatment effects
• Meta-analysis in clinical psychology leads to stronger conclusions
• Match the advantage with its corresponding limitation in meta-analysis:

  Increases statistical power ↔️ Susceptible to publication bias

  Provides comprehensive overview ↔️ Assumes homogeneity of studies

  Identifies moderators of effects ↔️ Complex and time-consuming
• Steps involved in conducting a meta-analysis

  1️⃣ Formulating research questions

  2️⃣ Identifying relevant studies

  3️⃣ Extracting data from studies

  4️⃣ Calculating effect sizes

  5️⃣ Combining effect sizes

  6️⃣ Analyzing pooled results

  7️⃣ Assessing publication bias
• What is the primary aim of meta-analysis in clinical psychology?

  Comprehensive treatment effect estimate
• One advantage of meta-analysis is that it enhances statistical power
• Meta-analysis assumes homogeneity of studies, which can sometimes be a limitation.
• Steps involved in conducting a meta-analysis

  1️⃣ Formulating research questions and inclusion criteria

  2️⃣ Identifying relevant studies through literature searches

  3️⃣ Extracting data from each study

  4️⃣ Calculating effect sizes

  5️⃣ Combining effect sizes using statistical models

  6️⃣ Analyzing and interpreting the results

  7️⃣ Assessing publication bias and heterogeneity
• What is an example of an effect size calculated in meta-analysis?

  $Cohen's d$