4.1 Introduction to 19th-Century Spanish Literature

• What values did Romanticism emphasize in the Spanish context?

  Emotion, imagination, individuality
• Spanish Romantic writers often explored themes like love, nature, and the inner self
• What was the primary focus of Spanish Realism?

  Objectively portraying everyday life
• Realism in Spain avoided social critique.

  False
• What movement did Romanticism in Spain transition away from?

  Neoclassical formalism
• Spanish Realism explores the psychological depth of characters
• Romanticism and Realism shared the same focus on social critique.

  False
• Match the characteristic with its movement:

  Emotion and imagination ↔️ Romanticism

  Objective portrayal of life ↔️ Realism

  Scientific objectivity ↔️ Naturalism
• Place the movements in chronological order of their emergence in Spain:

  1️⃣ Romanticism

  2️⃣ Realism

  3️⃣ Naturalism
• What did Naturalism emphasize in literature?

  Scientific objectivity and determinism
• Naturalism believes that human behavior is shaped by heredity and environment.
• Unlike Romanticism, Naturalism avoids emotional idealization
• Match the characteristic with the correct movement:

  Focus on determinism ↔️ Naturalism

  Emphasis on emotion ↔️ Romanticism

  Objective social critique ↔️ Realism
• What is the defining characteristic of Romanticism in19th-century Spanish literature?

  Emphasis on emotion and imagination
• Realism in Spain took an objective and socially critical approach
• What replaced Neoclassical ideals in Spanish Romanticism?

  Emotion, imagination, individuality
• Order the key elements of Spanish Realism:

  1️⃣ Focus on objective depiction

  2️⃣ Incorporate social critique

  3️⃣ Explore psychological depth
• What is a key characteristic of Spanish Realism?

  Objective portrayal of life
• A crucial aspect of Spanish Realism is its incorporation of social critique
• Spanish Realist writers explore the psychological depth of characters.
• Order the following steps in the development of Spanish literary movements from earliest to latest:

  1️⃣ Romanticism

  2️⃣ Realism

  3️⃣ Naturalism
• What literary movement did Spanish Realism react against?

  Romanticism
• Spanish Realism often examines poverty and inequality.
• What is a primary focus of Spanish Romanticism?

  Emotion and imagination
• Match the focus of each literary movement with its description:

  Spanish Romanticism ↔️ Emotion, imagination, individual experience

  Spanish Realism ↔️ Objective portrayal of everyday life
• What two principles did Spanish Naturalism emphasize in literature?

  Scientific objectivity and determinism
• Naturalism uses scientific observation to understand human behavior
• In Naturalism, characters' actions are believed to be determined by their environment and heredity.
• How does Naturalism differ from Realism in its approach?

  More deterministic and scientific
• Match the literary movement with its characteristic focus:

  Naturalism ↔️ Scientific basis, determinism

  Realism ↔️ Objective portrayal of everyday life

  Romanticism ↔️ Emotion, imagination
• Naturalist writers often depict the harsh realities of poverty and social decay.
• Which work by Emilia Pardo Bazán exemplifies Naturalism?

  Los Pazos de Ulloa
• Naturalism emphasizes scientific objectivity and determinism
• What is the primary focus of Naturalism as a literary movement?

  Scientific objectivity, determinism
• Romanticism adopts a subjective and idealistic approach.
• Match each literary movement with its key characteristic:

  Romanticism ↔️ Emotion, imagination

  Realism ↔️ Everyday life

  Naturalism ↔️ Scientific objectivity
• Which author is known for their contributions to Spanish Naturalism?

  Emilia Pardo Bazán
• José Zorrilla's notable work in Romanticism is titled Don Juan Tenorio
• What is a key theme in Benito Pérez Galdós' *Fortunata y Jacinta*?

  Social class
• Emilia Pardo Bazán's *Los Pazos de Ulloa* explores the themes of heredity and environment.