5.1.3 Reliability and Validity in Diagnosis

    Cards (37)

    • What does reliability in the context of diagnosing mental disorders refer to?
      Consistency and repeatability
    • Inter-rater reliability is measured using Cohen's Kappa
    • What measure is used for test-retest reliability?
      Correlation coefficient
    • Two psychologists independently diagnosing Jane with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) demonstrates inter-rater reliability.
    • Validity in diagnosis refers to the extent a tool measures what it is intended to measure
    • What does content validity ensure in diagnostic criteria?
      All relevant aspects
    • Match the type of validity with its example:
      Content Validity ↔️ DSM-5 criteria for Major Depressive Disorder
      Construct Validity ↔️ Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
      Criterion Validity ↔️ Social anxiety correlates with behavior
    • The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) measures the underlying psychological constructs of depression, demonstrating construct validity.
    • Clinician bias is a factor that can negatively affect both reliability and validity
    • Factors affecting reliability and validity in diagnosis include clinician bias and diagnostic criteria clarity
    • Clinician bias reduces inter-rater reliability but affects criterion validity
    • Diagnostic criteria clarity improves inter-rater reliability and enhances content validity.
    • Patient factors affect test-retest reliability but impact construct validity
    • Cultural and social influences can influence inter-rater reliability and affect criterion validity.
    • Reliability in diagnosing mental disorders refers to the consistency and repeatability of diagnostic decisions.
    • Match the type of reliability with its meaning and measure:
      Inter-rater Reliability ↔️ Consistency between two or more clinicians | κ\kappa or ICC\text{ICC}
      Test-retest Reliability ↔️ Consistency in diagnosis over time by the same clinician | rr
    • Two psychologists independently diagnosing Jane with GAD based on DSM-5 criteria demonstrate inter-rater reliability.
    • Test-retest reliability is measured using a correlation coefficient.
    • Validity in diagnosing mental disorders refers to the accuracy with which a diagnostic tool measures what it is intended to measure.
    • What are the two main types of reliability used in diagnosing mental disorders?
      Inter-rater and test-retest
    • What does test-retest reliability measure?
      Consistency over time
    • Validity in diagnosis refers to the accuracy of measuring what it is intended to measure.
    • Match the type of validity with its meaning:
      Content Validity ↔️ Diagnostic criteria cover all relevant aspects
      Construct Validity ↔️ Tool measures underlying psychological constructs
      Criterion Validity ↔️ Outcomes correlate with real-world behaviors
    • Content validity ensures that diagnostic criteria cover all relevant aspects of the disorder
    • Construct validity measures the tool's ability to correlate with other measures of the same construct.
    • Criterion validity checks if diagnostic outcomes correlate with real-world behaviors
    • Why does the DSM-5 criteria for Major Depressive Disorder have good content validity?
      Covers various aspects
    • The DSM-5 criteria for Major Depressive Disorder have good content validity because they cover aspects like mood and motivation
    • What are some factors that can affect reliability and validity in diagnosis?
      Clinician bias, patient factors
    • Clinician bias reduces inter-rater reliability and affects criterion validity.
    • How does diagnostic criteria clarity improve reliability?
      Reduces variability
    • Cultural and social influences can affect inter-rater reliability and criterion validity.
    • What is one method to improve reliability in diagnosis?
      Standardized diagnostic criteria
    • Structured interviews increase reliability by standardizing questions and reducing variability.
    • Why are reliability and validity critical for accurate diagnoses in mental health?
      Effective treatment, better outcomes
    • High reliability in diagnosis ensures consistency, but may not always capture the complexities of patient symptoms
    • What is a drawback of the DSM-5 in terms of validity?
      Specific criteria may not align
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