9.1.2 Sleep Disorders

• What are sleep disorders characterized by?

  Disrupted sleep patterns
• The common sleep disorders can be classified into three main categories: insomnia, parasomnias, and sleep-related breathing disorders. Each category involves different types of disruptions to normal sleep patterns
• Match the sleep disorder category with its description:

  Insomnia ↔️ Difficulty falling or staying asleep, leading to daytime fatigue

  Parasomnias ↔️ Abnormal behaviors or experiences that occur during sleep

  Sleep-related Breathing Disorders ↔️ Conditions that affect breathing during sleep
• What are common causes of insomnia?

  Stress, anxiety, depression
• Genetic factors can contribute to parasomnias.
• Order the sleep disorder categories based on the primary issue they address:

  1️⃣ Insomnia: Difficulty falling or staying asleep

  2️⃣ Parasomnias: Abnormal behaviors during sleep

  3️⃣ Sleep-related Breathing Disorders: Conditions affecting breathing during sleep
• Which sleep disorder is associated with pauses in breathing during sleep?

  Sleep-related breathing disorders
• The symptoms of insomnia include daytime fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and waking up frequently
• Match the sleep disorder category with its associated symptom:

  Insomnia ↔️ Daytime fatigue

  Parasomnias ↔️ Sleepwalking

  Sleep-related Breathing Disorders ↔️ Loud snoring
• Abnormal behaviors during sleep are a common symptom of parasomnias.
• What are common symptoms of sleep-related breathing disorders?

  Loud snoring, morning headaches
• Sleep disorder diagnosis often involves methods such as polysomnography, actigraphy, and sleep diaries
• What does polysomnography (PSG) monitor during a sleep study?

  Brain activity, breathing
• Abnormal behaviors during sleep, such as sleepwalking or night terrors, are classified as parasomnias
• Sleep disorders can negatively impact physical and mental health by affecting sleep quality, timing, and duration.
• Steps involved in a polysomnography (PSG) sleep study

  1️⃣ Attach electrodes and sensors to the scalp, face, chest, and legs

  2️⃣ Monitor brain activity, heart rate, breathing, and muscle movements overnight

  3️⃣ Analyze the sleep data to identify irregularities
• Actigraphy monitors sleep-wake patterns over several days using a small device worn on the wrist
• Diagnostic methods for sleep disorders help healthcare professionals develop effective treatment plans.
• What is one treatment option for parasomnias?

  Stress management
• One common treatment for insomnia is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, also known as CBT
• Match the sleep disorder with its common treatment options:

  Insomnia ↔️ CBT, sleep hygiene, medication

  Parasomnias ↔️ Safety measures, stress management

  Sleep-related Breathing Disorders ↔️ CPAP, lifestyle changes
• Why is CBT often recommended for insomnia?

  To change sleep habits
• Treatments for sleep disorders aim to improve sleep quality, reduce symptoms, and enhance overall health