7.4.1 Thermoregulation

• What is the definition of thermoregulation?

  Maintain body temperature
• Humans maintain a body temperature around 37°C despite external temperature changes.
• Thermoregulation maintains a stable body temperature necessary for proper enzyme function
• Order the aspects of thermoregulation by their importance.

  1️⃣ Enzyme Function

  2️⃣ Metabolic Processes

  3️⃣ Health
• Which component of the thermoregulatory system serves as the body's thermostat?

  Hypothalamus
• Sweat glands secrete sweat, which cools the body through evaporation
• Match the components of the thermoregulatory system with their roles.

  Hypothalamus ↔️ Body's thermostat

  Skin ↔️ Regulates heat exchange

  Blood Vessels ↔️ Dilate or constrict

  Sweat Glands ↔️ Produce sweat for cooling
• What are the primary processes that generate heat during exercise?

  Muscle contraction and metabolic rate
• Increased body temperature during exercise can improve muscle elasticity but may lead to fatigue if not regulated.
• Cooling through the evaporation of sweat is called evaporation
• Which heat loss mechanism involves the emission of electromagnetic waves from the skin?

  Radiation
• What byproduct is released when ATP is broken down to power muscle movement?

  Heat
• Exercise increases metabolic rate, leading to greater heat generation
• Increased body temperature during exercise can improve muscle elasticity and reaction speed.
• Name two heat loss mechanisms during exercise.

  Radiation and convection
• Match the heat loss mechanism with its description:

  Radiation ↔️ Loss of heat through electromagnetic waves

  Convection ↔️ Transfer of heat through air movement

  Evaporation ↔️ Cooling through sweat evaporation

  Conduction ↔️ Transfer of heat through direct contact
• Which heat loss mechanism is most effective during intense exercise?

  Evaporation
• Thermoregulation is the ability to maintain body temperature within a narrow range
• Thermoregulation ensures enzymes operate at peak efficiency.
• What is the optimal body temperature for humans in Celsius?

  37°C
• Why is thermoregulation vital for organisms?

  Proper enzyme function
• Enzymes function best within a specific temperature range.
• Match the component of the thermoregulatory system with its role:

  Hypothalamus ↔️ Body's thermostat

  Skin ↔️ Regulates heat exchange

  Blood Vessels ↔️ Dilate or constrict to release or conserve heat

  Sweat Glands ↔️ Secrete sweat for cooling
• What happens to blood vessels in the skin during hot weather to release heat?

  They dilate
• Heat production during exercise occurs primarily through muscle contraction and increased metabolic rate
• Steps in the hypothalamus' response to cold

  1️⃣ Receives temperature feedback

  2️⃣ Initiates heat-generating responses

  3️⃣ Triggers shivering

  4️⃣ Increases metabolic rate
• Thyroxine increases basal metabolic rate, raising body temperature.
• Which hormone increases metabolic rate during stress or exercise?

  Adrenaline
• In negative feedback, the hypothalamus monitors body temperature
• What effector is stimulated by the hypothalamus to cool the body during exercise?

  Sweat glands
• Positive feedback enhances blood clotting during injuries.
• What physiological responses does the hypothalamus stimulate when body temperature rises due to exercise?

  Sweating and vasodilation
• Coagulation factors, proteins in the blood, enhance blood clotting
• In what physiological scenario is positive feedback used in thermoregulation?

  Blood clotting
• Thermoregulation maintains body temperature within a narrow range to ensure enzymes function optimally.
• Thermoregulation maintains a stable body temperature necessary for proper enzyme function
• Match the aspect of thermoregulation with its importance:

  Enzyme Function ↔️ Peak efficiency

  Metabolic Processes ↔️ Efficient chemical reactions

  Health ↔️ Prevents overheating and hypothermia
• Which component of the thermoregulatory system acts as the body's thermostat?

  Hypothalamus
• The skin regulates heat exchange with the environment through hair follicles and adipose tissue.
• Sweat glands secrete sweat, which cools the body through evaporation