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Topic 8: Perception – How do you interpret the world around you?
8.2 Theories of Perception
8.2.2 Gibson’s Direct Theory
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What is direct perception also known as?
Ecological perception
One of the key principles of direct perception is that no
interpretation
is needed.
What do affordances refer to in direct perception theory?
Interaction opportunities
Optic flow is created as we move through the
environment
and aids spatial awareness.
Give an example of the principle "no interpretation needed" in direct perception.
Seeing a red light means stop
Stairs afford the action of
climbing
.
How does optic flow help in perceiving the environment according to direct perception?
Aids spatial awareness
Affordances are based on the environment's
qualities
.
What action does a flat surface afford, according to Gibson's theory?
Sitting
Match the quality of an object with its affordance:
Flat surface ↔️ Sitting
Doorway ↔️ Passage
Stairs ↔️ Climbing
Sensory data in direct perception requires no
interpretation
What is the term for the opportunities the environment provides for interaction based on its qualities?
Affordances
Optic flow refers to visual patterns created as we move, aiding
spatial awareness
.
Seeing a red light means
stop
Who developed the direct perception theory?
James J. Gibson
Direct perception emphasizes the role of complex cognitive interpretations in visual perception.
False
Affordances are the opportunities for interaction based on environmental
qualities
What is an example of an affordance provided by a flat surface?
Sitting
Optic flow creates visual patterns that aid in spatial awareness and depth
perception
What happens to the apparent movement of near objects in optic flow as we move forward?
Move faster and diverge
Order the apparent movement of objects in optic flow from near to far.
1️⃣ Near objects move faster
2️⃣ Distant objects move slower
How do texture gradients contribute to depth perception?
Provide a distance cue
Texture
density
increases as the surface recedes into the distance.
Match the aspect of texture gradients with its description:
Texture density ↔️ Increases with distance
Detail visibility ↔️ Decreases with distance
Texture gradients align with Gibson's Direct Perception
Theory
What is another name for direct perception?
Ecological perception
One key principle of direct perception is that sensory data requires no
interpretation
What is an example of an affordance provided by stairs?
Climbing
Optic flow helps in
spatial awareness
through visual patterns created by movement.
Match the principle of direct perception with its example:
No interpretation needed ↔️ Seeing a red light means stop
Affordances ↔️ Stairs afford climbing
Optic flow ↔️ Speed of approaching cars indicates danger
Optic flow refers to the visual pattern created as we move through the
environment
What happens to the apparent movement of near objects in optic flow as we move forward?
Move faster and diverge
Texture gradients help with
depth perception
by showing how texture changes with distance.
What is optic flow and its role in perception?
Visual pattern for spatial awareness
Optic flow is a key feature of
direct perception
in spatial awareness.
Texture gradients help with depth perception by changing the texture of a surface as it recedes into the
distance
Match the aspect of texture gradients with its description:
Texture density ↔️ Increases with distance
Detail visibility ↔️ Decreases with distance
Invariant features
are essential for identifying objects and navigating the world.
What are optical invariants in perception?
Stable properties of light
Structural invariants refer to the fixed physical properties of
objects
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