7.1.4 Energy Supply for Muscle Contraction

• What are the four components of the musculoskeletal system?

  Bones, muscles, ligaments, tendons
• The musculoskeletal system provides support, stability, shape, and movement
• Ligaments connect bones to bones.
• What do tendons connect in the musculoskeletal system?

  Muscles to bones
• Match the muscle type with its description:

  Skeletal ↔️ Voluntary movement

  Smooth ↔️ Involuntary movement of organs

  Cardiac ↔️ Heart contraction
• Arrange the following structures in the correct order from largest to smallest in skeletal muscle:

  1️⃣ Muscle fiber

  2️⃣ Myofibril

  3️⃣ Sarcomere
• The functional unit of muscle contraction is the sarcomere
• Sarcomeres contain actin and myosin filaments.
• What type of control is associated with skeletal muscle?

  Voluntary
• Which type of muscle lacks sarcomeres and controls involuntary movement of internal organs?

  Smooth muscle
• Cardiac muscle contains striated cells with intercalated discs
• What is the primary energy source for muscle contraction?

  ATP
• ATP hydrolysis releases energy for muscle contraction.
• Arrange the energy sources in order from shortest to longest utilization time:

  1️⃣ ATP

  2️⃣ Creatine Phosphate

  3️⃣ Glycogen
• Match the energy source with its advantage:

  ATP ↔️ Provides immediate energy

  Creatine Phosphate ↔️ Rapidly replenishes ATP

  Glycogen ↔️ Produces ATP without oxygen
• Which energy source requires oxygen and has a high ATP yield but a slow breakdown process?

  Fat
• ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy source for muscle contraction
• ATP provides immediate energy but has limited availability.
• Match the energy source with its utilization time:

  ATP ↔️ Instant

  Creatine Phosphate ↔️ Short-term

  Glycogen ↔️ Medium-term

  Fat ↔️ Long-term
• Glycogen produces ATP without oxygen but is slower than ATP.
• ATP provides immediate energy through hydrolysis
• Order the energy sources from fastest to slowest ATP replenishment:

  1️⃣ ATP

  2️⃣ Creatine Phosphate

  3️⃣ Glycogen
• Creatine phosphate rapidly replenishes ATP but is short-term.
• The musculoskeletal system consists of bones, muscles, ligaments, and tendons
• What are the three types of muscle tissues?

  Skeletal, smooth, cardiac
• The sarcomere consists of actin and myosin
• What happens to ATP during muscle contraction?

  It undergoes hydrolysis
• ATP breaks down into ADP and a phosphate group
• Creatine phosphate provides energy for long-term activity.

  False
• Aerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria
• What is produced during anaerobic respiration in muscle cells?

  Lactic acid
• Match the respiration type with its oxygen requirement:

  Aerobic ↔️ Yes

  Anaerobic ↔️ No
• Anaerobic respiration produces more ATP than aerobic respiration.

  False
• What is the end product of anaerobic respiration in muscle cells?

  Lactic acid