2.3.2 Data Analysis

• Descriptive statistics summarize data without making generalizations beyond the sample
• How is the mean calculated in descriptive statistics?

  Sum of values divided by number of values
• The median is the middle value when data is arranged in ascending order.
• The mode is the most frequently occurring value in the data
• What is the purpose of data analysis in cognitive psychology?

  Transform raw data into insights
• What does the range measure in descriptive statistics?

  Difference between highest and lowest values
• The standard deviation measures the spread of data around the mean.
• Match the inferential statistic with its purpose:

  t-test ↔️ Compares the means of two groups

  ANOVA ↔️ Compares the means of three or more groups

  Chi-Square Test ↔️ Determines relationships between categorical variables
• What does a t-test determine in inferential statistics?

  If two group means differ significantly
• The Chi-Square Test determines if there is a significant relationship between two categorical variables.
• Inferential statistics are used to summarize data without making generalizations beyond the sample.

  False
• How is the mean calculated in descriptive statistics?

  Sum of values divided by number of values
• The median is the middle value when data is arranged in ascending order.
• What does the range measure in descriptive statistics?

  Difference between highest and lowest values
• The standard deviation measures the spread of data around the mean.
• What does a t-test determine in inferential statistics?

  If two group means differ significantly
• The Chi-Square Test determines if there is a significant relationship between two categorical variables.
• Inferential statistics extend findings to a broader population.
• What is the primary purpose of descriptive statistics?

  Summarize and describe data
• Match the descriptive statistic with its description:

  Mean ↔️ The average value

  Median ↔️ The middle value

  Mode ↔️ The most frequent value

  Range ↔️ The difference between the highest and lowest values
• What is the primary purpose of inferential statistics?

  Make inferences about a population
• Descriptive statistics allow researchers to make generalizations about a population.

  False
• Order the steps for calculating the mean in descriptive statistics:

  1️⃣ Sum all the values

  2️⃣ Divide the sum by the number of values
• The range is calculated as the difference between the highest and lowest values in a data set.
• What does the standard deviation measure in descriptive statistics?

  Spread of data around the mean
• The mean is more sensitive to outliers than the median.
• Which descriptive statistic identifies common outcomes in a data set?

  Mode
• The standard deviation is more complex to calculate but indicates data consistency.
• What is the goal of data analysis in research?

  Transform raw data into insights
• What is the average reaction time according to the study material?

  450 ms
• The median is affected by outliers.

  False
• The mode identifies the most frequent value
• What does the range measure in data analysis?

  Spread of data
• The standard deviation measures the spread around the mean.
• Data analysis is the process of transforming raw data into meaningful insights
• What are the two main types of statistics used in data analysis?

  Descriptive and inferential
• Descriptive statistics summarize and describe the data
• Inferential statistics make generalizations about a population based on a sample.
• Match the statistical type with its purpose:

  Descriptive Statistics ↔️ Summarizes data

  Inferential Statistics ↔️ Makes inferences
• Descriptive statistics use measures such as mean, median, mode, and range