6.3.2 Vaccination Strategies

• Ring vaccination involves vaccinating individuals around an outbreak
• Mass vaccination is used to achieve herd immunity in a large population.
• Match the vaccination strategy with its description:

  Ring Vaccination ↔️ Vaccinate around an outbreak

  Mass Vaccination ↔️ Vaccinate a large population

  Targeted Vaccination ↔️ Vaccinate specific groups
• Which historical effort is an example of ring vaccination?

  Smallpox eradication
• Annual flu vaccination campaigns are an example of mass vaccination
• What is an example of targeted vaccination?

  HPV vaccine for teenagers
• Herd immunity is achieved when a large percentage of the population is vaccinated.
• Match the vaccination strategy with its example:

  Ring Vaccination ↔️ Smallpox eradication

  Mass Vaccination ↔️ Annual flu vaccination

  Targeted Vaccination ↔️ HPV vaccine for teenagers
• What is the mechanism of action of inactivated vaccines?

  Stimulate antibody response
• Live attenuated vaccines use weakened pathogens
• Match the vaccine type with its example:

  Inactivated Vaccine ↔️ Influenza vaccine

  Live Attenuated Vaccine ↔️ MMR vaccine

  Subunit Vaccine ↔️ Hepatitis B vaccine

  Toxoid Vaccine ↔️ Tetanus vaccine
• What immune responses do mRNA vaccines stimulate?

  Humoral and cellular
• The inactivated influenza vaccine causes the flu in vaccinated individuals.

  False
• What type of vaccine uses inactivated toxins from pathogens?

  Toxoid Vaccines
• Which vaccine stimulates the body to produce antibodies without causing the flu?

  Inactivated influenza vaccine
• What type of vaccine uses weakened pathogens to stimulate a strong immune response?

  Live Attenuated Vaccines
• Active immunity results from the body producing antibodies after exposure to an antigen
• Herd immunity is achieved when $R_{0} < 1$
• What vaccination strategy involves vaccinating individuals around an outbreak to prevent spread?

  Ring Vaccination
• What vaccination strategy aims to achieve herd immunity by vaccinating a large population?

  Mass Vaccination
• What vaccination strategy targets specific groups at high risk?

  Targeted Vaccination
• Passive immunity results from the body producing its own antibodies.

  False
• Herd immunity is achieved when $R_{0} < 1$, where $R_{0}$ is the basic reproduction number
• Which population benefits from herd immunity by reduced disease transmission?

  Unvaccinated
• Steps to achieve herd immunity

  1️⃣ Vaccinate a significant proportion of the population

  2️⃣ Reduce disease transmission

  3️⃣ Protect both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals
• What are key challenges in vaccine development?

  Cost, storage, efficacy
• Flu vaccines need to be reformulated annually due to viral mutations
• Vaccine effectiveness depends on factors like vaccine type and strain matching.
• Which type of vaccine often provides stronger immunity?

  Live Attenuated Vaccines
• Mismatched vaccine strains can reduce effectiveness
• What are the key factors influencing vaccine effectiveness?

  Vaccine type, strain matching, individual immune response
• What are the three main factors influencing vaccine effectiveness?

  Vaccine type, strain matching, individual immune response
• Live attenuated vaccines often provide stronger
• A mismatched vaccine strain can reduce effectiveness, as seen with the flu vaccine.
• What may cause some individuals not to mount a sufficient immune response to a vaccine?

  Variability in immune response
• Ring vaccination was used during the smallpox
• What is the primary goal of mass vaccination strategies?

  Achieving herd immunity
• Inactivated vaccines stimulate antibody response without causing disease.
• What is the key difference between active and passive immunity?

  Antibody source
• Active immunity provides long-term protection through antibodies produced by the body