6.1.1 Types of Pathogens

• What is a pathogen?

  Microorganism causing disease
• Pathogens are microorganisms capable of causing disease in a host organism. There are four main types of pathogens
• Match the pathogen type with its characteristics:

  Viruses ↔️ Non-cellular; require host cell

  Bacteria ↔️ Single-celled prokaryotes; cell wall

  Fungi ↔️ Eukaryotic; chitin cell walls

  Protozoa ↔️ Single-celled eukaryotes; movement via cilia
• What type of genetic material do viruses contain?

  DNA or RNA
• Fungi have cell walls made of chitin
• How do protozoa move?

  Cilia, flagella, or pseudopodia
• Give an example of a disease caused by a virus.

  Influenza
• Pathogens have different modes of transmission
• Pathogen virulence is affected by factors such as its ability to adhere to host cells.
• What are pathogens classified into?

  Four main types
• Viruses are non-cellular and require a host
• Bacteria are single-celled prokaryotes that replicate through binary fission.
• What type of cell wall do fungi have?

  Chitin
• Protozoa move via cilia, flagella, or pseudopodia
• Viruses contain either DNA or RNA as their genetic material.
• What process do bacteria use to replicate?

  Binary fission
• Match the pathogen type with its replication method:

  Viruses ↔️ Host cell

  Bacteria ↔️ Binary fission

  Protozoa ↔️ Cell division

  Fungi ↔️ Spores
• What are bacteria classified as in terms of cellular structure?

  Single-celled prokaryotes
• Viruses are cellular organisms.

  False
• Fungi have cell walls made of chitin
• Match the type of pathogen with its movement method:

  Protozoa ↔️ Cilia, flagella, or pseudopodia

  Bacteria ↔️ Binary fission

  Fungi ↔️ Single-celled or multicellular
• What is the replication method of bacteria?

  Binary fission
• Viruses require a host cell to replicate.
• Fungi can cause diseases like athlete's foot
• Order the main types of pathogens:

  1️⃣ Viruses

  2️⃣ Bacteria

  3️⃣ Fungi

  4️⃣ Protozoa
• What type of genetic material do viruses contain?

  DNA or RNA
• Bacteria are single-celled prokaryotes.
• What is the outer layer of a virus called?

  Protein coat
• Viruses are non-cellular pathogens that require a host cell
• Match the pathogen type with its example disease:

  Bacteria ↔️ E. coli, Salmonella

  Viruses ↔️ Influenza, HIV

  Fungi ↔️ Athlete's foot, thrush

  Protozoa ↔️ Malaria, Giardia
• Fungi can only be single-celled.

  False
• What are three methods of movement used by protozoa?

  Cilia, flagella, pseudopodia
• What are protozoa?

  Single-celled eukaryotic organisms
• Protozoa move via cilia, flagella, or pseudopodia
• Name two diseases caused by protozoa.

  Malaria and giardiasis
• Protozoa are compared to viruses, bacteria, and fungi in their characteristics as pathogens.
• Match the pathogen type with its characteristics:

  Parasitic worms ↔️ Multicellular eukaryotes, complex life cycles

  Viruses ↔️ Non-cellular, genetic material in protein coat

  Bacteria ↔️ Single-celled prokaryotes, binary fission

  Fungi ↔️ Eukaryotic, chitin cell walls

  Protozoa ↔️ Single-celled eukaryotes, move via cilia
• Give three examples of parasitic worms.

  Tapeworms, roundworms, flukes
• Pathogens are microorganisms capable of causing disease
• Viruses are cellular organisms with a nucleus.

  False