7.2.3 Oxidative Phosphorylation

• What is oxidative phosphorylation?

  Energy-driven ATP production
• Oxidative phosphorylation uses energy from the electron transport chain to produce ATP
• Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria.
• What is ATP?

  Cellular energy currency
• The electron transport chain generates a proton gradient
• Where is the electron transport chain located?

  Mitochondrial inner membrane
• Steps in the electron transport chain process

  1️⃣ Electrons are transferred through protein complexes

  2️⃣ Protons are pumped across the membrane

  3️⃣ Oxygen is reduced to water

  4️⃣ A proton gradient is generated
• Match the ETC component with its role:

  Protein Complexes ↔️ Transfer electrons and pump protons

  Electrons ↔️ Generate proton gradient

  Oxygen ↔️ Final electron acceptor

  Proton Gradient ↔️ Energy source for ATP synthesis
• What is the role of ATP synthase?

  Synthesizes ATP
• The F₀ component of ATP synthase anchors it in the membrane
• ATP synthase uses energy from a proton gradient to produce ATP.
• What is inorganic phosphate required for in oxidative phosphorylation?

  ATP synthesis
• Oxidative phosphorylation uses energy from the electron transport chain to produce ATP
• Oxidative phosphorylation reduces oxygen to water.
• Match the ETC components with their roles:

  Protein Complexes ↔️ Transfer electrons and pump protons

  Electrons ↔️ Passed through complexes

  Oxygen ↔️ Final electron acceptor

  Proton Gradient ↔️ Energy source for ATP
• What is the primary function of the electron transport chain in oxidative phosphorylation?

  Generate proton gradient
• ATP synthase uses the energy from a proton gradient to synthesize ATP
• The F₀ component of ATP synthase is embedded in the membrane and anchors the protein complex.
• Match the terms with their definitions:

  Chemiosmosis ↔️ Movement of ions across a membrane to generate ATP

  Proton Gradient ↔️ Difference in proton concentration

  ATP Synthase ↔️ Enzyme complex synthesizing ATP
• What generates the proton gradient in chemiosmosis?

  Electron transport chain
• The electron transport chain pumps protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane to create a gradient
• What is the process by which a proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane drives ATP synthesis?

  Chemiosmosis
• The proton gradient serves as the energy source for ATP synthesis
• Steps involved in the production of ATP through chemiosmosis

  1️⃣ Proton gradient is generated by the electron transport chain

  2️⃣ Protons flow across the mitochondrial inner membrane

  3️⃣ ATP synthase uses the proton gradient to produce ATP
• The proton gradient is fundamental to oxidative phosphorylation.
• What molecule is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

  Oxygen
• Oxygen accepts electrons and protons to form water
• Match the type of respiration with its characteristics:

  Aerobic Respiration ↔️ Requires oxygen

  Anaerobic Respiration ↔️ Does not require oxygen
• Anaerobic respiration produces more ATP than aerobic respiration.

  False
• Where is the electron transport chain located in the cell?

  Mitochondrial inner membrane
• The electron transport chain generates a proton gradient
• Match the ETC component with its role:

  Protein Complexes ↔️ Transfer electrons and pump protons

  Oxygen ↔️ Final electron acceptor

  ATP Synthase ↔️ Synthesizes ATP using the proton gradient
• Where is the electron transport chain (ETC) located?

  Mitochondrial inner membrane
• The ETC generates a proton gradient by transferring electrons through protein complexes
• Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the ETC and is reduced to water.
• What is the primary role of the proton gradient generated by the ETC?

  ATP synthesis
• The proton gradient drives ATP synthesis during oxidative phosphorylation
• What is the role of ATP synthase?

  Synthesizes ATP
• Match the key terms with their definitions:

  ATP Synthase ↔️ Protein complex synthesizing ATP

  F₀ ↔️ Membrane-embedded anchor and proton channel

  F₁ ↔️ Catalytic component of ATP synthesis
• Chemiosmosis is the process where a proton gradient drives ATP synthesis