7.2.1 Glycolysis

• What is the metabolic pathway called that converts glucose into pyruvate?

  Glycolysis
• Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm
• Glycolysis is applicable to both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
• What are the two main phases of glycolysis?

  Energy investment and payoff
• During the energy investment phase, 2 ATP molecules are used to phosphorylate glucose
• The net ATP production from glycolysis is 4 ATP.

  False
• What is the net ATP production from glycolysis?

  2 ATP
• Match the enzyme with its function in glycolysis:

  Hexokinase ↔️ Phosphorylates glucose

  Phosphoglucose isomerase ↔️ Isomerizes glucose-6-phosphate
• Which molecule is used to phosphorylate glucose in the first step of glycolysis?

  ATP
• The net ATP production from glycolysis is 2
• In erythrocytes, glycolysis generates a net of 2 ATP to fuel cellular functions.
• Order the two main phases of glycolysis.

  1️⃣ Energy Investment Phase

  2️⃣ Energy Payoff Phase
• Which enzyme phosphorylates glucose to form glucose-6-phosphate?

  Hexokinase
• Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is cleaved into two 3-carbon molecules by the enzyme aldolase
• Match the enzyme with its role in glycolysis:

  Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ↔️ Oxidation and phosphorylation of G3P

  Phosphoglycerate kinase ↔️ ATP synthesis from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

  Pyruvate kinase ↔️ Final ATP synthesis from PEP

  Enolase ↔️ Dehydration of 2-phosphoglycerate
• Under anaerobic conditions in muscle cells, pyruvate is converted to lactate.
• For each molecule of glucose processed, glycolysis produces two molecules of pyruvate
• Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?

  Cytoplasm
• Glycolysis is applicable to both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
• Order the phases of glycolysis based on energy requirements.

  1️⃣ Energy Investment Phase

  2️⃣ Energy Payoff Phase
• What is the end product of glycolysis?

  Pyruvate
• In erythrocytes, glycolysis occurs entirely in the cytoplasm
• Glycolysis consists of two main phases: energy investment and energy payoff.
• How many ATP molecules are consumed during the energy investment phase of glycolysis?

  2
• The energy payoff phase of glycolysis produces a net of 2 ATP molecules.
• Order the steps of the energy investment phase of glycolysis.

  1️⃣ Phosphorylation of glucose

  2️⃣ Isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate

  3️⃣ Second phosphorylation

  4️⃣ Cleavage of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

  5️⃣ Isomerization of DHAP
• Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate?

  Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
• Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is isomerized to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate by triose phosphate isomerase.
• Phosphoenolpyruvate is converted to pyruvate by pyruvate kinase, producing 1 ATP.
• What enzyme dehydrates 2-phosphoglycerate to form phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)?

  Enolase
• Phosphoenolpyruvate donates a phosphate to ADP, forming pyruvate and ATP
• What are the two phases of glycolysis called?

  Energy investment and payoff
• Hexokinase uses 1 ATP to phosphorylate glucose into glucose-6-phosphate.
• Glucose-6-phosphate is isomerized to fructose-6-phosphate by phosphoglucose isomerase
• What enzyme phosphorylates fructose-6-phosphate to form fructose-1,6-bisphosphate?

  Phosphofructokinase-1
• Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is cleaved into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate by aldolase.
• Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is isomerized to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate by triose phosphate isomerase
• What enzyme oxidizes glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to form 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, producing NADH?

  Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
• 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate donates a phosphate to ADP, forming 3-phosphoglycerate and ATP, catalyzed by phosphoglycerate kinase.
• 3-Phosphoglycerate is isomerized to 2-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglycerate mutase