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Topic 9: Kinetics I
9.3 Catalysis
9.3.2 Mechanism of Catalysis
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What is the role of a catalyst in catalysis?
Speeds up reactions
A catalyst speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the
activation energy
Arrange the following phases of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts in increasing order of their interaction with reactants:
1️⃣ Heterogeneous: Adsorption on solid surface
2️⃣ Homogeneous: Intimate contact in liquid solution
Homogeneous catalysts are typically in the solid phase.
False
Match the type of catalyst with its phase:
Homogeneous catalyst ↔️ Liquid
Heterogeneous catalyst ↔️ Solid
What does a catalyst form temporary bonds with to lower activation energy?
Reactants
The catalyst works by lowering the
activation energy
What is the first step in the mechanism of catalysis?
Adsorption
Arrange the steps in the mechanism of catalysis in the correct order:
1️⃣ Adsorption
2️⃣ Reaction
3️⃣ Desorption
Match the type of catalyst with its example:
Homogeneous catalyst ↔️ Acid-base catalyst
Heterogeneous catalyst ↔️ Metal surface
What is the primary function of a catalyst in terms of energy?
Lower activation energy
What is the phase of a homogeneous catalyst?
Liquid
What is the phase of a heterogeneous catalyst?
Solid
Homogeneous catalysts are in the same phase as the
reactants
Heterogeneous catalysts provide active sites on
solid surfaces
for reactions to occur.
Match the feature with the type of catalyst:
Same phase as reactants ↔️ Homogeneous catalyst
Different phase from reactants ↔️ Heterogeneous catalyst
Catalysts lower the activation energy (
E
a
E_{a}
E
a
), which in turn increases the reaction rate
There are two main types of catalysts: homogeneous and
heterogeneous
.
Match the type of catalyst with its definition:
Homogeneous Catalysts ↔️ Present in the same phase as reactants
Heterogeneous Catalysts ↔️ Exist in a different phase from reactants
How do catalysts enable more molecules to overcome the reaction barrier?
By lowering
E
a
E_{a}
E
a
Homogeneous catalysts are typically in the
liquid
phase, allowing for intimate interaction with reactants.
In what phase do heterogeneous catalysts typically exist?
Solid
Match the feature with the correct type of catalyst:
Homogeneous Catalyst ↔️ Same phase as reactants
Heterogeneous Catalyst ↔️ Different phase from reactants
Homogeneous catalysts exist in the same phase as the
reactants
.
Heterogeneous catalysts are easier to separate from reaction mixtures than
homogeneous catalysts
.
What is an example of homogeneous catalysis?
Acid-catalyzed ester hydrolysis
In the Haber-Bosch process, nitrogen and hydrogen react using iron as a
catalyst
.
Steps in the mechanism of catalysis:
1️⃣ Adsorption of reactants on the catalyst surface
2️⃣ Chemical transformation of reactants
3️⃣ Desorption of products from the surface
What role does the iron catalyst play in the Haber-Bosch process?
Lowers activation energy
Catalysts are consumed during the reaction.
False
A larger surface area in heterogeneous catalysts increases the number of active
sites
.
Match the catalytic reaction with its catalyst:
Homogeneous Catalysis ↔️ Sulfuric Acid
Heterogeneous Catalysis ↔️ Platinum