4.3.2 Tissues in Plants

• What are the three main categories of plant tissues?

  Dermal, vascular, ground
• Vascular tissues are responsible for the transport of water and nutrients
• Ground tissues perform photosynthesis, support, and storage functions.
• What is the function of meristematic tissues?

  Cell division and differentiation
• Apical meristem is responsible for longitudinal growth
• Match the permanent tissue type with its function and characteristics:

  Parenchyma ↔️ Storage, photosynthesis, gas exchange; thin-walled cells

  Collenchyma ↔️ Flexible support in young stems; thickened cell walls

  Sclerenchyma ↔️ Rigid support and protection; highly lignified cell walls
• What are the two main types of vascular tissues in plants?

  Xylem and phloem
• Xylem transports water and minerals from roots to leaves.
• Phloem transports sugars and organic compounds produced by photosynthesis
• Order the stages of the scientific method:

  1️⃣ Make an observation

  2️⃣ Form a hypothesis

  3️⃣ Test the hypothesis with an experiment

  4️⃣ Analyze the data

  5️⃣ Draw a conclusion
• The primary function of xylem is to transport water and minerals from the roots to the leaves
• Phloem transports sugars and organic compounds produced by photosynthesis
• Xylem cells are dead and have lignified walls.
• Phloem cells are living and include sieve cells and companion cells.
• Match the vascular tissue with its function:

  Xylem ↔️ Transports water and minerals

  Phloem ↔️ Transports sugars and organic compounds
• The waxy layer on epidermal tissues that reduces water evaporation is called the cuticle
• Guard cells regulate the opening and closing of stomata.
• Match the epidermal cell type with its function:

  Epidermal cells ↔️ Protection and support

  Guard cells ↔️ Regulate stomatal opening

  Trichomes ↔️ Reduce water loss and protect against herbivores
• There are three main categories of plant tissues: dermal, vascular, and ground tissues.
• Dermal tissues form the outer protective layer of the plant and prevent water loss
• Arrange the categories of plant tissues based on their primary function:

  1️⃣ Dermal tissues (protection)

  2️⃣ Vascular tissues (transport)

  3️⃣ Ground tissues (support, storage, photosynthesis)
• Meristematic tissues are composed of undifferentiated cells that continuously divide and differentiate
• Apical meristems are responsible for longitudinal growth at the tips of shoots and roots.
• Match the permanent tissue type with its function:

  Parenchyma ↔️ Storage, photosynthesis, gas exchange

  Collenchyma ↔️ Flexible support in young stems and leaves

  Sclerenchyma ↔️ Rigid support and protection
• Unlike meristematic tissues, permanent tissues have completed their development
• Xylem cells in vascular tissues have lignified walls and are dead at maturity.
• Phloem cells in vascular tissues are living and include sieve cells and companion cells.
• Epidermal cells are the primary cell type in the epidermis, providing physical support and shielding underlying tissues.
• Arrange the tissue distribution in plant organs based on their primary function:

  1️⃣ Roots: Ground tissue for storage and vascular tissue in a central cylinder

  2️⃣ Stems: Vascular bundles and ground tissue in the cortex

  3️⃣ Leaves: Extensive vascular network and dermal tissue with stomata
• In dry climates, dermal tissues have thick cuticles to minimize water loss