5.3.2 Secondary Succession

    Cards (31)

    • What is the starting condition of secondary succession?
      Land with existing soil
    • Secondary succession can occur after events such as forest fires, floods, deforestation, or abandoned agricultural land
    • Secondary succession speeds up ecosystem re-establishment because the soil is already present.
    • Which species are often the first to colonize an area after a forest fire in secondary succession?
      Grasses and shrubs
    • Primary succession starts on bare rock or new land, while secondary succession starts on land with existing soil
    • Secondary succession is initiated by new land formation or exposure.
      False
    • What is the initial process in secondary succession?
      Re-colonization by pioneer species
    • Stages of secondary succession in order
      1️⃣ Pioneer Community
      2️⃣ Intermediate Communities
      3️⃣ Climax Community
    • In the pioneer community stage of secondary succession, annual grasses and weeds stabilize the soil
    • The climax community in secondary succession is dominated by mature trees like oak and maple.
    • What is the role of pioneer species in secondary succession?
      Prepare the habitat for future communities
    • Match the role of pioneer species with its description:
      Soil Stabilization ↔️ Prevents erosion and compaction
      Soil Enrichment ↔️ Adds organic matter, fixes nitrogen
      Shade Provision ↔️ Creates cover for shade-tolerant species
    • What are the key characteristics of a climax community in secondary succession?
      Stability, high biodiversity, resilience
    • What is the final, stable stage of ecosystem development in secondary succession called?
      Climax community
    • The climax community in secondary succession is characterized by stability, high biodiversity, and resilience
    • Late-successional species dominate the climax community in secondary succession.
    • What is secondary succession initiated by?
      Disturbances leaving soil intact
    • Unlike primary succession, secondary succession starts on land where soil is already present
    • Match the disturbance with its example in secondary succession:
      Forest fire ↔️ Colonization by grasses
      Flood ↔️ Ecosystem recovery
      Deforestation ↔️ Soil stabilization
      Abandoned agricultural land ↔️ Climax state progression
    • What are the first species to colonize an area after a forest fire in secondary succession called?
      Pioneer species
    • Stages of secondary succession in order:
      1️⃣ Pioneer community
      2️⃣ Intermediate communities
      3️⃣ Climax community
    • What are the key species in the pioneer community during secondary succession?
      Annual grasses, weeds, wildflowers
    • Each stage of secondary succession prepares the land for subsequent communities, leading to increased biodiversity
    • What is one key role of pioneer species in secondary succession?
      Soil stabilization
    • Pioneer species in secondary succession have deep root systems to stabilize the soil.
      False
    • Match the feature with its description in the climax community of secondary succession:
      Stability ↔️ Unchanged species composition
      Biodiversity ↔️ Variety of species
      Resilience ↔️ Ability to recover from disturbances
      Species Composition ↔️ Dominated by late-successional species
    • What is one factor that influences the rate of secondary succession?
      Soil conditions
    • Nutrient-poor soils during secondary succession favor nitrogen-fixing species like legumes
    • Order the processes of secondary succession in a forest after a wildfire:
      1️⃣ Grasses and herbaceous plants colonize
      2️⃣ Nutrient cycling and soil stabilization occur
      3️⃣ Shrubs and eventually mature trees dominate
      4️⃣ A rich forest ecosystem establishes
    • What is the ecological significance of secondary succession?
      Ecosystem restoration
    • Secondary succession enhances ecosystem function by promoting biodiversity and resilience.
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