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Topic 3: Voice of the Genome
3.3 Cell Division and Differentiation
3.3.3 Stem Cells
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What are the two unique properties of stem cells?
Self-renewal and differentiation
Self-renewal refers to the ability of stem cells to undergo cell division while maintaining their undifferentiated
state
Differentiation is the process of stem cells changing into specialized cells with
specific
functions.
Match the stem cell type with its differentiation potential:
Totipotent ↔️ Any cell in the organism
Pluripotent ↔️ Any cell in the embryo
Multipotent ↔️ Limited range of cell types
What is an example of a totipotent cell?
Zygote
Pluripotent cells can differentiate into any cell in the
embryo
, but not extra-embryonic cells.
Multipotent stem cells can differentiate into any cell type within the embryo.
False
Which type of stem cell can form extra-embryonic tissues like the placenta?
Totipotent
Order the stem cell types based on their differentiation potential from highest to lowest:
1️⃣ Totipotent
2️⃣ Pluripotent
3️⃣ Multipotent
What is an example of a pluripotent cell?
Inner cell mass of blastocyst
A totipotent cell can
differentiate
into any cell type in the organism.
Multipotent stem cells can differentiate into a limited range of cell types within a tissue or
organ
.
Why are totipotent cells considered the most versatile stem cells?
They can form any cell type
Pluripotent cells can form extra-embryonic tissues like the placenta.
False
What is an example of a multipotent cell?
Hematopoietic stem cell
Pluripotent cells cannot form extra-embryonic
tissues
.
Match the stem cell type with its example:
Totipotent ↔️ Zygote
Pluripotent ↔️ Inner cell mass
Multipotent ↔️ Hematopoietic stem cell
Order the roles of stem cells in tissue repair:
1️⃣ Replace damaged cells
2️⃣ Form new tissues
3️⃣ Regenerate organs
What are the two key properties of stem cells that enable their role in development and tissue repair?
Self-renewal and differentiation
During development, stem cells give rise to various cell types that form
tissues
and organs.
Stem cells in
tissue repair
help replace damaged or lost cells.
Match the role of stem cells with its description:
Development ↔️ Stem cells differentiate into various cell types to form tissues and organs
Tissue Repair ↔️ Stem cells replace damaged or lost cells to restore tissue function
What type of stem cells differentiate into blood cells to replace those lost due to injury or disease?
Hematopoietic stem cells
Stem cell research raises several ethical
considerations
.
Why is the use of embryonic stem cells controversial in research?
Destruction of embryos
Steps to ensure ethical standards in stem cell research
1️⃣ Ethical oversight
2️⃣ High ethical standards
3️⃣ Respect for human dignity
4️⃣ Protection of individuals from harm
Match the ethical consideration with its description:
Source of Embryonic Stem Cells ↔️ The destruction of embryos to obtain embryonic stem cells is controversial.
Potential Misuse ↔️ Stem cells could be used for non-medical enhancements, raising fairness concerns.
Informed Consent ↔️ Patients must be fully informed about risks and benefits.
What are stem cells defined as in multicellular organisms?
Undifferentiated cells
Self-renewal refers to the ability of stem cells to undergo cell division while maintaining their
undifferentiated
state.
What is the process called by which stem cells change into specialized cells with specific functions?
Differentiation
Hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow can differentiate into red blood cells, white blood cells, and
platelets
.
Match the stem cell type with its differentiation potential:
Totipotent ↔️ Can differentiate into any cell in the organism
Pluripotent ↔️ Can differentiate into any cell in the embryo
Multipotent ↔️ Can differentiate into a limited range of cell types
Totipotent cells are the most
versatile
and can become any cell type in the organism.
Pluripotent cells can form extra-embryonic tissues like the placenta.
False
What is an example of multipotent stem cells in the body?
Hematopoietic stem cells
Totipotent cells are capable of becoming any cell type, including extra-embryonic tissues like the
placenta
Pluripotent cells can form extra-embryonic tissues.
False
Multipotent cells can differentiate into a limited set of cell types within a specific
tissue
Which type of stem cell can differentiate into any cell in the organism, including extra-embryonic cells?
Totipotent
Pluripotent cells can differentiate into any cell in the
embryo
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