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Topic 7: Modern Analytical Techniques I
7.2 Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy
7.2.1 Principles of IR Spectroscopy
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What is infrared (IR) spectroscopy used for?
Identify functional groups
IR spectroscopy is based on the ability of molecules to absorb specific frequencies of infrared
radiation
The O-H (Alcohol) functional group absorbs in the range of 3200-3600
c
m
−
1
cm^{ - 1}
c
m
−
1
.
What are the wavelength boundaries of the IR region in the electromagnetic spectrum?
700 nm - 1 mm
Molecules can vibrate in two primary ways: stretching and
bending
Each type of bond in a molecule has unique
vibrational frequencies
.
What is the frequency range of the IR region in the electromagnetic spectrum?
300 GHz - 400 THz
IR spectroscopy helps identify functional groups by analyzing molecular
vibrations
What is the wavelength range of microwaves in the electromagnetic spectrum?
1 mm - 30 cm
Stretching vibrations involve the lengthening or shortening of
chemical bonds
along the bond axis.
What does infrared (IR) spectroscopy identify in a compound?
Functional groups
Infrared (IR) spectroscopy identifies functional groups based on their characteristic absorption
frequencies
Different functional groups absorb IR radiation at the same frequencies.
False
Match the functional group with its characteristic absorption range in cm^{ - 1}</latex>:
O-H (Alcohol) ↔️ 3200-3600
C=O (Carbonyl) ↔️ 1650-1750
N-H (Amine) ↔️ 3300-3500
Arrange the steps in interpreting an IR spectrum:
1️⃣ Identify characteristic peaks
2️⃣ Determine wavenumbers
3️⃣ Analyze peak intensities
4️⃣ Assign peaks to functional groups
What does wavenumber measure in an IR spectrum?
Radiation frequency
The O-H bond in alcohol produces a broad peak in the
IR spectrum
.
The C=O bond in a carbonyl group produces a strong peak in the IR spectrum at approximately 1650-1750
c
m
−
1
cm^{ - 1}
c
m
−
1
.Strong
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