3.1.2 Eukaryotic Cells

• Steps in protein modification and transport

  1️⃣ Protein synthesis in endoplasmic reticulum

  2️⃣ Modification of proteins in ER

  3️⃣ Transport to Golgi apparatus

  4️⃣ Packaging and processing in Golgi
• Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes to digest cellular waste
• What is the function of ribosomes in a eukaryotic cell?

  Protein synthesis
• The cytoskeleton is important for cell shape and movement.
• Match the cell type with its characteristics:

  Animal cell ↔️ No chloroplasts

  Plant cell ↔️ Contains chloroplasts
• What is the defining characteristic of a eukaryotic cell?

  True nucleus
• Human cells, plant cells, and animal cells are examples of eukaryotic cells.
• Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus.

  False
• What is the structure of the nucleus?

  Enclosed by double membrane
• Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration
• What type of enzymes are found in lysosomes?

  Hydrolytic enzymes
• Chloroplasts are found in animal cells.

  False
• The inner membrane of mitochondria is folded into cristae
• What is the nuclear envelope composed of?

  Double membrane
• Write the equation for cellular respiration.

  C_{6}H_{12}O_{6} + 6O_{2} \rightarrow 6CO_{2} + 6H_{2}O + ATP</latex>
• What are mitochondria often referred to as?

  Powerhouses of the cell
• Mitochondria generate ATP through the process of cellular respiration
• The double membrane structure of mitochondria is crucial for their function
• What are the folds of the inner membrane of mitochondria called?

  Cristae
• The equation for cellular respiration includes glucose and oxygen as reactants, and carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
• Mitochondria use glucose as their energy source in cellular respiration
• What is the energy source for chloroplasts in photosynthesis?

  Sunlight
• The endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus are involved in protein and lipid processing
• Lysosomes and peroxisomes are both single-membrane bound organelles
• What type of enzymes are found in lysosomes?

  Hydrolytic enzymes
• Peroxisomes break down fatty acids and toxic compounds using oxidative enzymes
• Eukaryotic cells are characterized by the presence of a true nucleus
• Why are eukaryotic cells more complex than prokaryotic cells?

  Presence of organelles
• The nucleus of a eukaryotic cell contains and protects the genetic material
• What is the main function of the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells?

  Protein transport and modification
• The Golgi apparatus sorts and packages proteins for transport within the cell
• Mitochondria generate ATP through the process of cellular respiration
• What type of cellular waste do lysosomes digest?

  Foreign materials
• Chloroplasts are found in all eukaryotic cells

  False
• What is the primary function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

  Generates ATP
• Chloroplasts, found in plant cells, conduct photosynthesis
• The nucleus controls cell activity and contains genetic material.
• What does the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) do in eukaryotic cells?

  Modifies proteins
• Mitochondria are often referred to as the powerhouses of the cell
• Which organelle in plant cells conducts photosynthesis?

  Chloroplasts