Transcription is the process of converting a sequence of DNA into a complementary sequence of mRNA. This occurs in three main phases: initiation, elongation, and termination
Order the phases of transcription:
1️⃣ Initiation
2️⃣ Elongation
3️⃣ Termination
During elongation, RNA polymerase synthesizes the mRNA strand by adding nucleotides
RNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the growing mRNA strand during elongation.
Where does transcription occur in prokaryotes?
Cytoplasm
In prokaryotes, transcription occurs in the cytoplasm because there is no nuclear membrane
Transcription in eukaryotes takes place in the nucleus.
What is the primary role of RNA polymerase in transcription?
Synthesizing mRNA
During elongation, RNA polymerase synthesizes the mRNA strand by adding nucleotides
RNA polymerase detaches from DNA upon recognizing a termination signal.
How does the role of RNA polymerase differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Interaction with DNA
What is the primary role of RNA polymerase during transcription?
Synthesizing mRNA
During initiation, RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region on DNA.
Order the steps RNA polymerase takes during mRNA synthesis
1️⃣ Binding to the promoter region
2️⃣ Synthesizing the mRNA strand
3️⃣ Detaching from DNA
How many types of RNA polymerase are found in prokaryotes?
One
In prokaryotes, RNA polymerase synthesizes mRNA directly in the cytoplasm.
Where does RNA polymerase synthesize mRNA in eukaryotes?
Nucleus
In prokaryotes, RNA polymerase synthesizes mRNA directly in the cytoplasm.
What are the three phases of transcription?
Initiation, elongation, termination
Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm in prokaryotes and the nucleus in eukaryotes.
Match the organism type with the location of transcription:
Prokaryotes ↔️ Cytoplasm
Eukaryotes ↔️ Nucleus
Which cellular structure is present in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes during transcription?
Ribosomes
In eukaryotes, transcription takes place in the nucleus.
Why does transcription occur in the cytoplasm in prokaryotes?
Simultaneous transcription and translation
In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus to protect DNA and utilize transcription factors.
What structure in the nucleus protects DNA and contains transcription factors?
Chromatin
Transcription occurs in the same cellular location in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
False
Where does transcription occur in eukaryotes?
Nucleus
Prokaryotes can perform transcription and translation simultaneously.
Match the role of RNA polymerase with its action:
Initiation ↔️ Binds to the promoter region
Elongation ↔️ Adds nucleotides to mRNA
Termination ↔️ Detaches from DNA
RNA polymerase functions the same way in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
False
How many types of RNA polymerase are found in prokaryotes?
One
Eukaryotes have multiple types of RNA polymerase to transcribe different RNAs
Order the phases of transcription
1️⃣ Initiation
2️⃣ Elongation
3️⃣ Termination
What region on DNA does RNA polymerase bind to during initiation?
Promoter region
The termination signal causes RNA polymerase to detach from DNA.
The termination phase of transcription involves the release of the mRNA
What is the termination signal in prokaryotes that leads to hairpin loop formation?
GC-rich sequence
In eukaryotes, the poly-A tail is added during termination.