4.3.3 Role of Hormones

• What are hormones produced by?

  Endocrine glands
• Hormones regulate essential bodily functions, including mood, growth, and reproduction
• What is the role of testosterone in the body?

  Regulates male reproductive system
• What is the role of cortisol in the body?

  Manages stress response
• Testosterone and cortisol are both key hormones associated with aggression.
• Testosterone increases aggressive behaviors and enhances dominance
• How does cortisol affect aggression?

  Modulates aggression based on stress
• Testosterone increases aggressive behaviors and enhances dominance
• Match the hormone with its role in aggression:

  Testosterone ↔️ Enhances aggression and dominance

  Cortisol ↔️ Modulates aggression based on stress

  Estrogen ↔️ May influence aggression differently in women
• How does testosterone enhance amygdala activity?

  Makes it more reactive to threats
• Testosterone amplifies aggression, while cortisol modulates it based on stress.
• Testosterone increases reactivity to threats, leading to more aggressive responses
• Testosterone reduces prefrontal cortex control, making aggression more impulsive.
• Which neurotransmitters are affected by testosterone to indirectly promote aggression?

  Serotonin and dopamine
• Research on athletes showed that higher testosterone levels were linked to more aggressive behaviors
• Testosterone amplifies aggression directly, while cortisol modulates it based on stress levels.
• How does testosterone influence aggressive behavior?

  1️⃣ Enhances amygdala activity

  2️⃣ Reduces prefrontal cortex control

  3️⃣ Elevates neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine
• What role does cortisol play in aggression?

  Modulates based on stress
• Cortisol adjusts aggression according to stress, while testosterone amplifies it directly.
• What is the relationship between serotonin levels and aggression?

  Low serotonin, high aggression
• Serotonin regulates mood, impulse control, and aggression
• Which neurotransmitter is critical for regulating impulse control and aggression?

  Serotonin
• Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that regulates mood, impulse control, and aggression
• Individuals with lower serotonin levels tend to exhibit more aggressive behavior.
• Testosterone amplifies aggression, while cortisol adjusts it based on stress
• Match the neurotransmitter/hormone with its role in aggression:

  Serotonin ↔️ Regulates impulse control

  Testosterone ↔️ Increases aggressive behaviors

  Cortisol ↔️ Modulates aggression based on stress
• Hormones are produced by endocrine glands and travel through the bloodstream.
• Testosterone regulates the male reproductive system and promotes muscle growth
• The key hormones associated with aggression are testosterone and cortisol
• Testosterone promotes aggression and dominance behaviors.
• Cortisol manages stress and modulates aggression
• Cortisol modulates aggression based on stress levels.
• Cortisol modulates aggression based on stress
• Hormones interact with brain regions to influence aggressive actions.
• Testosterone increases aggression by enhancing amygdala activity and reducing prefrontal cortex control
• High cortisol levels under chronic stress can decrease aggressive responses.
• Serotonin regulates mood, impulse control, and aggression
• Hormonal imbalances can significantly contribute to aggressive behaviors.
• High levels of testosterone can lead to heightened aggression