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Topic 1: Lifestyle, Health and Risk
1.3 Carbohydrates
1.3.2 Disaccharides
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What type of reaction forms a disaccharide from two monosaccharides?
Condensation reaction
Maltose is composed of two
glucose
molecules.
Which monosaccharides form sucrose?
Glucose and fructose
Lactose
is found in milk and dairy products.
What is released during the formation of a glycosidic bond?
Water
Match the disaccharide with its composition:
Maltose ↔️ Glucose + Glucose
Sucrose ↔️ Glucose + Fructose
Lactose ↔️ Glucose + Galactose
The formation of maltose from glucose is represented as:
G
l
u
c
o
s
e
+
Glucose +
Gl
u
cose
+
G
l
u
c
o
s
e
→
M
a
l
t
o
s
e
+
Glucose \rightarrow Maltose +
Gl
u
cose
→
M
a
lt
ose
+
H
2
O
H_{2}O
H
2
O
.H_{2}O
Common disaccharides include maltose, sucrose, and
lactose
.
The glycosidic bond is formed through a
condensation
reaction.
What are the two main types of glycosidic bonds?
α
\alpha
α
and
β
\beta
β
Sucrose is a non-reducing sugar due to the absence of reactive aldehyde or
ketone
groups.
Disaccharides are formed when a water molecule (
H
2
O
H_{2}O
H
2
O
) is eliminated.
Which type of reaction forms a glycosidic bond?
Condensation
There are two main types of glycosidic bonds:
α
\alpha
α
and
β
\beta
β
.
What is a glycosidic bond?
A covalent bond
A glycosidic bond forms through a condensation reaction, where a water molecule is
eliminated
Steps involved in the formation of a glycosidic bond
1️⃣ Two monosaccharides align
2️⃣ A condensation reaction occurs
3️⃣ A water molecule is eliminated
4️⃣ The glycosidic bond forms
Glycosidic bonds link monosaccharides to form
polysaccharides
.
Which carbon atoms are linked in an
α
\alpha
α
-glycosidic bond?
C1 and C4
An example of a disaccharide formed by an
α
\alpha
α
-glycosidic bond is maltose
Which type of glycosidic bond links glucose and galactose in lactose?
β
(
1
→
4
)
\beta(1 \rightarrow 4)
β
(
1
→
4
)
Sucrose is composed of glucose and fructose linked by an
α
(
1
→
2
)
\alpha(1 \rightarrow 2)
α
(
1
→
2
)
glycosidic bond.
Sucrose is a non-reducing sugar because it lacks free aldehyde or
ketone
groups.
Which two monosaccharides form lactose?
Glucose and galactose
Lactose is a reducing sugar due to the free
aldehyde
group in glucose.
Maltose is composed of two glucose molecules linked by an
α
(
1
→
4
)
\alpha(1 \rightarrow 4)
α
(
1
→
4
)
glycosidic bond, making it a reducing sugar.
Match the disaccharide with its monosaccharide composition and glycosidic bond type:
Sucrose ↔️ Glucose + Fructose,
α
(
1
→
2
)
\alpha(1 \rightarrow 2)
α
(
1
→
2
)
Lactose ↔️ Glucose + Galactose,
β
(
1
→
4
)
\beta(1 \rightarrow 4)
β
(
1
→
4
)
Maltose ↔️ Glucose + Glucose,
α
(
1
→
4
)
\alpha(1 \rightarrow 4)
α
(
1
→
4
)
Maltose is a disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules linked by an
α
(
1
→
4
)
\alpha(1 \rightarrow 4)
α
(
1
→
4
)
glycosidic bond
Maltose acts as a reducing sugar due to the presence of a free
aldehyde group
.
Steps in the formation of a disaccharide through a condensation reaction
1️⃣ Two monosaccharides join together
2️⃣ A glycosidic bond forms
3️⃣ A water molecule is eliminated
Match each disaccharide with its composition:
Maltose ↔️ Glucose + Glucose
Sucrose ↔️ Glucose + Fructose
Lactose ↔️ Glucose + Galactose
Disaccharides are formed through a
condensation reaction
.
What is a glycosidic bond?
Covalent bond linking monosaccharides
There are two main types of glycosidic bonds:
α
\alpha
α
and
β
\beta
β
bonds
Sucrose is composed of glucose and fructose linked by an \alpha(1 \rightarrow2)</latex>
glycosidic
bond.
What is lactose composed of?
Glucose and galactose
Lactose is composed of glucose and galactose linked by a \beta(1 \rightarrow 4)</latex> glycosidic
bond
Maltose is a reducing sugar due to a free
aldehyde group
.
What is the process called where a disaccharide is broken down into monosaccharides by adding water?
Hydrolysis
Match each disaccharide with its enzyme and products:
Maltose ↔️ Maltase → Glucose + Glucose
Sucrose ↔️ Sucrase → Glucose + Fructose
Lactose ↔️ Lactase → Glucose + Galactose
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