1.3.1 Monosaccharides

• What is the general formula for monosaccharides?

  $C_{n}H_{2n}O_{n}$
• Monosaccharides follow the general formula $C_{n}H_{2n}O_{n}$, where *n* is typically 3 to 7.
• What is the chemical formula for glucose?

  C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}</latex>
• Hexoses are the primary source of energy for cells.
• Match the monosaccharide type with its biological role:

  Pentoses ↔️ Structural components of nucleic acids

  Trioses ↔️ Intermediate metabolites in glycolysis

  Hexoses ↔️ Primary source of energy for cells

  Tetroses ↔️ Intermediate metabolites in metabolic pathways
• Order the classification of monosaccharides based on the number of carbon atoms they contain, from fewest to most:

  1️⃣ Trioses

  2️⃣ Tetroses

  3️⃣ Pentoses

  4️⃣ Hexoses
• Why are monosaccharides highly soluble in water?

  Due to multiple -OH groups
• Fructose is sweeter than glucose.
• What is the sweetest monosaccharide?

  Fructose
• Monosaccharides can undergo oxidation reactions to release energy.
• What chemical group makes monosaccharides highly soluble in water?

  -OH groups
• Fructose is sweeter than glucose.
• Monosaccharides are reactive and undergo oxidation and reduction reactions
• What are isomers of glucose with the chemical formula $C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}$?


  Galactose
• Monosaccharides are essential structural elements in cells.
• Glucose is oxidized to release energy through cellular respiration
• Which monosaccharide is used in RNA?

  Ribose
• DNA uses deoxyribose as its sugar component.
• Monosaccharides are precursors for complex carbohydrates like starch and cellulose
• Which metabolic pathway uses glyceraldehyde as an intermediate?

  Glycolysis