1.1.1 Structure and Function of the Heart

• What are the four chambers of the heart?

  Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle
• Heart valves ensure blood flows in only one direction
• Deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava
• The heart's electrical conduction system ensures coordinated contractions
• What is the purpose of the coronary circulation?

  Supply blood to heart muscle
• Match the heart component with its function:

  Atria ↔️ Receive blood and pump it into ventricles

  Ventricles ↔️ Pump blood out to the body or lungs

  Valves ↔️ Ensure unidirectional blood flow

  Major Blood Vessels ↔️ Transport blood into and out of the heart
• The left ventricle has the thickest walls because it pumps blood to the entire body
• The heart relies on valves to prevent blood from flowing backwards
• What is the function of the tricuspid valve?

  Prevents backflow into right atrium
• During ventricular contraction, the tricuspid and mitral valves close
• Match the heart valve with its location:

  Tricuspid ↔️ Between the right atrium and right ventricle

  Mitral ↔️ Between the left atrium and left ventricle

  Pulmonary ↔️ Between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

  Aortic ↔️ Between the left ventricle and aorta
• The atria pump blood into the ventricles
• What is the role of the heart valves in preventing backflow?

  Ensure unidirectional blood flow
• Outline the pathway of blood circulation through the heart

  1️⃣ Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium

  2️⃣ Blood passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle

  3️⃣ Right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery

  4️⃣ Oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins

  5️⃣ Blood flows through the mitral valve into the left ventricle

  6️⃣ Left ventricle pumps blood to the body via the aorta
• Which valve does the right ventricle pump blood through?

  Pulmonary valve
• Oxygenated blood returns from the lungs via the pulmonary veins into the left atrium.
• Which valve does blood flow through to enter the left ventricle?

  Mitral valve
• Outline the blood circulation through the heart in the correct order.

  1️⃣ Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium

  2️⃣ Blood passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle

  3️⃣ The right ventricle pumps blood through the pulmonary valve to the lungs

  4️⃣ Oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium

  5️⃣ Blood flows through the mitral valve into the left ventricle

  6️⃣ The left ventricle pumps blood through the aortic valve into the aorta
• Cardiac muscle is responsible for the voluntary contraction of the heart.

  False
• What type of control does cardiac muscle have?

  Involuntary
• Intercalated discs in cardiac muscle allow for rapid transmission of action potentials.
• Where is smooth muscle primarily found?

  Hollow organs
• The major components of the heart include the atria, ventricles, valves, and major blood vessels.
• What is the function of the right atrium?

  Receives deoxygenated blood
• How many chambers does the human heart have?

  Four
• The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the vena cava
• The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.
• Which chamber pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

  Right ventricle
• The left ventricle has the thickest walls because it pumps oxygenated blood to the body
• What determines the thickness of each heart chamber wall?

  Pressure to exert
• Heart valves prevent backflow of blood during contraction.
• Match the heart valve with its location:

  Tricuspid ↔️ Right atrium and ventricle

  Mitral (Bicuspid) ↔️ Left atrium and ventricle

  Pulmonary ↔️ Right ventricle and pulmonary artery

  Aortic ↔️ Left ventricle and aorta
• Order the blood flow through the heart:

  1️⃣ Right atrium

  2️⃣ Tricuspid valve

  3️⃣ Right ventricle

  4️⃣ Pulmonary valve

  5️⃣ Pulmonary artery

  6️⃣ Lungs

  7️⃣ Pulmonary veins
• Oxygenated blood returns from the lungs via the pulmonary veins
• Cardiac muscle contractions are voluntary.

  False
• What structures allow rapid transmission of action potentials in cardiac muscle cells?

  Intercalated discs
• Match the muscle type with its control and striation:

  Cardiac ↔️ Involuntary, Striated

  Skeletal ↔️ Voluntary, Striated

  Smooth ↔️ Involuntary, Non-striated
• Order the electrical conduction system of the heart:

  1️⃣ SA node

  2️⃣ AV node

  3️⃣ Bundle of His

  4️⃣ Purkinje fibers
• What is the "pacemaker" of the heart?

  SA node
• Cardiac muscle cells exhibit automaticity and conductivity