4.2.1 Physical Properties

• In which group of the Periodic Table are the halogens located?

  Group 17
• Halogens have seven valence electrons in their outer shell, which makes them highly reactive
• Match the halogen with its physical state at room temperature:

  Fluorine ↔️ Gas

  Bromine ↔️ Liquid

  Iodine ↔️ Solid
• What is the melting point of chlorine in degrees Celsius?

  -101
• The boiling points of halogens decrease down the group.

  False
• What characterizes the electronic configuration of halogens?

  Seven valence electrons
• The melting and boiling points of halogens increase down the group due to the increasing strength of van der Waals
• Fluorine has the lowest melting point among halogens.
• What is the boiling point of Astatine in degrees Celsius?

  337
• Halogens react to achieve a stable octet
• The reactivity of halogens decreases down the group.
• Match the halogen with its appearance at room temperature:

  Fluorine ↔️ Pale yellow

  Chlorine ↔️ Yellow-green

  Bromine ↔️ Red-brown

  Iodine ↔️ Dark-purple

  Astatine ↔️ Dark
• What is the melting point of Bromine in degrees Celsius?

  -7
• Van der Waals forces increase with atomic size and the number of electrons
• The melting points of halogens increase linearly down the group.

  False
• What is the physical state and appearance of Chlorine at room temperature?

  Gas, Yellow-green
• What causes the increase in melting and boiling points of halogens as you move down Group 17?

  Increasing van der Waals forces
• Order the halogens from lowest to highest boiling point:

  1️⃣ Fluorine

  2️⃣ Chlorine

  3️⃣ Bromine

  4️⃣ Iodine

  5️⃣ Astatine
• The physical properties of halogens are influenced by the strength of their intermolecular forces.
• The strength of van der Waals forces increases with atomic size and the number of electrons.
• Match the halogen with its intermolecular forces and physical state:

  Fluorine ↔️ Weak van der Waals, Gas

  Bromine ↔️ Stronger van der Waals, Liquid

  Iodine ↔️ Strongest van der Waals, Solid
• What is the trend in physical state of halogens as you move down Group 17?

  Gas to liquid to solid
• Bromine is a solid at room temperature.

  False
• The physical state of halogens changes from gas to liquid to solid down the group.
• Which halogen has limited solubility in water but high solubility in organic solvents?

  Chlorine
• Organic solvents are polar, allowing halogens to dissolve readily.

  False
• Halogens belong to Group 17 of the Periodic Table.
• How many valence electrons do halogens have in their outermost shell?

  Seven
• Halogens have an electronic configuration characterized by seven valence electrons in their outermost shell.seven
• Match the halogen with its chemical symbol:

  Fluorine ↔️ $F$

  Chlorine ↔️ $Cl$

  Bromine ↔️ $Br$

  Iodine ↔️ $I$
• What is the electronic configuration of Fluorine?

  $1s^{2} 2s^{2} 2p^{5}$
• Chlorine has seven valence electrons in its outermost shell.
• The electronic configuration of Bromine is $1s^{2} 2s^{2} 2p^{6} 3s^{2} 3p^{6} 4s^{2} 3d^{10} 4p^{5}$
• What is the electronic configuration of Iodine?

  1s^{2} 2s^{2} 2p^{6} 3s^{2} 3p^{6} 4s^{2} 3d^{10} 4p^{6} 5s^{2} 4d^{10} 5p^{5}</latex>
• Arrange the halogens in order of increasing atomic number:

  1️⃣ Fluorine

  2️⃣ Chlorine

  3️⃣ Bromine

  4️⃣ Iodine

  5️⃣ Astatine
• Halogens are highly reactive because they tend to gain one electron to achieve a stable octet
• At room temperature, halogens exist in different physical states.
• Halogens are highly reactive because they tend to gain one electron to achieve a stable octet
• Arrange the physical states of halogens at room temperature from gas to solid:

  1️⃣ Gas

  2️⃣ Liquid

  3️⃣ Solid
• What is the physical state and appearance of fluorine at room temperature?

  Gas, pale yellow