Cards (48)

    • What is the definition of solubility?
      Maximum substance dissolved in solvent
    • Solubility is expressed in units like grams per 100 cm³ or moles per liter
    • Polar solutes dissolve better in polar solvents.
    • How does temperature affect the solubility of most solids in liquids?
      Solubility increases
    • The solubility of gases increases with pressure.
    • The presence of a common ion decreases the solubility
    • Arrange the Group 2 hydroxides in order of increasing solubility in water:
      1️⃣ Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂)
      2️⃣ Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂)
      3️⃣ Strontium hydroxide (Sr(OH)₂)
      4️⃣ Barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)₂)
    • What two enthalpy changes determine the solubility of ionic compounds?
      Lattice and hydration enthalpy
    • Larger cations in Group 2 hydroxides have stronger electrostatic attractions to OH⁻ ions.
      False
    • As the cation size in Group 2 increases, both lattice enthalpy and hydration enthalpy decrease
    • Which type of solvent do non-polar solutes dissolve in?
      Non-polar solvents
    • Solubility of solids in liquids increases with temperature.
    • The solubility of gases increases with pressure
    • What effect does the presence of a common ion have on salt solubility?
      Decreases it
    • Match the factor affecting solubility with its effect:
      Polarity ↔️ Polar solutes in polar solvents
      Temperature ↔️ Increases for solids, decreases for gases
      Pressure ↔️ Increases for gases
    • The solubility of Group 2 hydroxides increases down the group.
    • As the cation size increases in Group 2 hydroxides, the lattice enthalpy decreases more significantly than the hydration
    • Arrange Group 2 hydroxides in order of increasing solubility in water:
      1️⃣ Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂)
      2️⃣ Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂)
      3️⃣ Strontium hydroxide (Sr(OH)₂)
      4️⃣ Barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)₂)
    • What is the general solubility trend of Group 2 sulfates down the group?
      Decreases
    • The decrease in hydration enthalpy is more significant than the decrease in lattice enthalpy for Group 2 sulfates.
    • Match the Group 2 sulfate with its solubility in water at 25°C (g/100 mL):
      Magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) ↔️ 26.9
      Calcium sulfate (CaSO₄) ↔️ 0.209
      Strontium sulfate (SrSO₄) ↔️ 0.0113
      Barium sulfate (BaSO₄) ↔️ 0.00025
    • Which Group 2 compounds are used as antacids to neutralize stomach acid?
      Magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate
    • Barium sulfate is used as a contrast agent in X-ray imaging due to its insolubility.
    • Calcium hydroxide is used in agriculture to condition acidic soils by increasing their pH.
    • In which industry is magnesium hydroxide used due to its low solubility?
      Wastewater treatment
    • Why is barium sulfate used as a filler in plastics and paints?
      Chemical inertness
    • Match the Group 2 compound with its application and reason for solubility:
      Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂) ↔️ Antacid, neutralizes stomach acid
      Barium sulfate (BaSO₄) ↔️ Contrast agent, insoluble enhances X-ray images
      Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) ↔️ Soil conditioner, increases soil pH
    • What is the definition of solubility?
      Maximum amount of substance that dissolves
    • Polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents
    • Sugar dissolves better in hot water than in cold water due to higher solubility at higher temperatures.
    • What is the effect of adding sodium chloride (NaCl) to a solution of silver chloride (AgCl)?
      Decreases AgCl solubility
    • What effect does adding sodium chloride (NaCl) to a solution of silver chloride (AgCl) have on the solubility of AgCl?
      Decreases solubility
    • Polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents
    • Solubility increases with temperature for gases but decreases for solids.
      False
    • The common ion effect decreases salt solubility
    • Why does table salt (NaCl) dissolve well in water but not in oil?
      Polarity
    • The solubility of gases increases with pressure.
    • What happens to the solubility of Group 2 hydroxides as you move down the group?
      Increases
    • The solubility trend of Group 2 hydroxides is governed by changes in lattice enthalpy and hydration enthalpy
    • The decrease in lattice enthalpy is more significant than the decrease in hydration enthalpy as you move down Group 2.