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Topic 2: Bonding and Structure
2.1 Ionic Bonding
2.1.1 Formation of Ions
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Ions are charged particles formed when atoms gain or lose
electrons
Cations are negatively charged ions
False
Anions are negatively charged ions formed when atoms gain
electrons
Non-metals tend to form cations
False
Ionic bonds form through the transfer of electrons from metal atoms to non-metal
atoms
Metals form anions by losing electrons
False
Steps in the formation of an ionic bond between sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl)
1️⃣ Sodium (Na) loses one electron to form
N
a
+
Na^{ + }
N
a
+
2️⃣ Chlorine (Cl) gains one electron to form
C
l
−
Cl^{ - }
C
l
−
3️⃣
N
a
+
Na^{ + }
N
a
+
and
C
l
−
Cl^{ - }
C
l
−
ions attract each other to form NaCl
Match the atom type with its electron transfer and ion formed:
Metal ↔️ Lose electrons, Cation
Non-metal ↔️ Gain electrons, Anion
How do ionic bonds form?
Electron transfer
Metals lose electrons to form
cations
Non-metals gain electrons to form
anions
What charge do cations have?
Positive
What process do non-metals undergo to form anions?
Gain electrons
When sodium (Na) loses an electron to chlorine (Cl), it forms
Na^ +
The ionic bond formed between
N
a
+
Na^ +
N
a
+
and
C
l
−
Cl^ -
C
l
−
is
N
a
+
Na^ +
N
a
+
C
l
−
Cl^ -
C
l
−
What do ions achieve when they gain or lose electrons?
Stable electron configuration
Match the ion type with its electron behavior:
Cations ↔️ Lose electrons
Anions ↔️ Gain electrons
Which type of ion loses electrons?
Cations
Metals tend to form cations, while
non-metals
tend to form anions
Examples of cations include
Na^ +
What is an example of an anion?
Cl^ -
Cations are positively charged ions formed when atoms lose
electrons
Anions are negatively charged ions formed when atoms gain
electrons
.
Ionic bonds result in atoms achieving a stable
noble gas
electron configuration.
When sodium reacts with chlorine, sodium loses one electron to form a
cation
Ions achieve a stable electron configuration by resembling
noble gases
.
When sodium forms
N
a
+
Na^{ + }
N
a
+
, its electron configuration changes to resemble that of neon
Common oxidation states for ions correspond to their
charges