chat gpt 2

• what is the digestive system

  The digestive system is an organ system where several organs work together to digest and absorb food
• The order of digestion: Mouth → Oesophagus → Stomach → Small Intestine → Large Intestine → Rectum → Anus
• 2 types of digestion

  physical digestion and chemical digestion
• physical digestion

  The mechanical breakdown of food into smaller pieces (e.g., chewing)
• chemical digestion

  The breakdown of large food molecules into smaller molecules using enzymes
• 3 main digestive enzymes

  amylase enzyme, protease enzyme, lipase enzyme
• amylase enzyme

  Breaks down starch into sugars.
• protease enzyme

  Breaks down proteins into amino acids.
• lipase enzyme

  Breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol
• the role of bile

  Produced by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, Helps break down fats into smaller droplets for easier digestion ( emulsifies fats )
• emulsifying fats increases its surface area so the lipase enzyme can break it down faster
• small intestine adaptations

  Large surface area due to villi and microvilli Good blood supply for efficient absorption of nutrients
• Test for Starch

  Add iodine—turns blue-black if starch is present
• Test for Sugar

  Add Benedict’s solution, heat—turns green, yellow, or brick red depending on sugar concentration
• Test for Proteins:

  Add Biuret solution—turns lilac-purple if proteins are present
• Test for Lipids

  Add ethanol—forms a cloudy emulsion if lipids are presen
• carbohydrates

  our body's primary source of energy

  source- bread, rice , pasta, potatoes ,fruits and vegetables
• proteins

  help build and repair tissues , including muscles

  source-meat , fish ,eggs ,diary, beans , lentils, nuts
• fats

  Provide long-term energy, insulate the body, and support cell functions.

  Sources: Butter, oils, nuts, seeds, avocado, fatty fish.
• fiber

  Aids digestion by keeping the digestive system healthy, preventing constipation, and regulating blood sugar.

  Sources: Whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, beans.
• vitamins and minerals 


  for overall health
• vitamin A

  Good for eyesight and skin. Sources: Carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach.
• Vitamin C

  Helps boost immunity and heal wounds. Sources: Citrus fruits,strawberries, peppers
• citrus fruits

  oranges, lemons , limes , grapefruit, tangerines,pomelos
• vitamin D

  Essential for strong bones and teeth. Sources: Sunlight, fish, fortified dairy.
• Vitamin k

  Helps with blood clotting. Sources: Leafy greens, broccoli.
• Blood clotting is the body's natural process to prevent excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. It involves platelets and clotting factors working together to form a protective seal over the wound.
• Examples of leafy greens include spinach, kale, cabbage, romaine lettuce, bok choy,
• vitamin B

  Vitamin B refers to a group of eight essential vitamins,( B1,B2,B3 etc.).We need vitamin B for energy production, metabolism, and overall health,as it plays a key role in maintaining the nervous system, preventing fatigue, and supporting cell growth. Since most B vitamins are water-soluble, they must be consumed regularly through a balanced diet.

  source -meat and fish , dairy and eggs, whole grains, nuts and leafy greens
• Metabolism refers to the chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life. It involves converting food into energy, building and repairing cells, and regulating bodily functions like breathing and digestion
• Water-soluble means a substance can dissolve in water. This is important for nutrients like vitamin C and B vitamins, which dissolve in water and are easily absorbed by the body but must be consumed regularly since they aren’t stored.
• Since water-soluble vitamins (like vitamin B and vitamin C) dissolve in water, your body does not store them for long periods. Instead, any excess is flushed out through urine, meaning you need to consume them regularly to maintain proper levels.
• minerals

  calcium, iron ,potassium, magnesium, zinc
• calcium

  Calcium (bones, teeth) → Found in dairy, green vegetables.
• iron

  Iron (oxygen transport) → Found in red meat, spinach, lentils.
• potassium

  Potassium (muscle function) → Found in bananas, potatoes.
• magnesium

  Magnesium (maintain healthy muscles and nerves function) → Found in nuts, seeds, dark chocolate.
• zinc

  Helps wound healing and boosts immunity.

  source-meat , shellfish( oyster, crab and shrimp)
• Simple carbohydrates are quickly digested and provide a rapid energy boost, found in foods like sugar, fruit, and white bread. Complex carbohydrates take longer to break down, offering sustained energy, and are found in whole grains, vegetables
• The pancreas produces insulin, a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels