What is the definition of transportation in coastal processes?
Movement of eroded materials
What does deposition refer to in coastal processes?
Accumulation of transported materials
What are the three key wave processes that shape coastlines?
Erosion: Wearing away of land and rocks
Transportation: Movement of eroded materials
Deposition: Accumulation of transported materials
How does hydraulic action contribute to coastal erosion?
It uses the force of water and air against rocks
What is abrasion in the context of coastal erosion?
Impact of rocks against cliff face
What does solution refer to in coastal erosion?
Dissolving of soluble rocks
What is attrition in coastal erosion?
Rocks colliding and breaking apart
What factors affect the effectiveness of transportation methods?
Material size, water velocity, and wave energy
How do spits form through coastal processes?
Beach material moved by wave action
Deposition occurs in sheltered areas
Sediment builds up from shoreline into water
Hooks develop due to wind direction changes
What role do spits play in coastal ecosystems?
They create sheltered areas for vegetation
What are the four methods of coastal transportation?
Traction: Large materials rolling along seabed
Saltation: Smaller particles bouncing along seabed
Suspension: Fine materials floating in water
Solution: Dissolved minerals carried in water
How do sand dunes stabilize spits?
They are stabilized by plants along the edge
What are the tidal influences on coastal processes?
Erosion: High tides increase hydraulic action
Transportation: Tidal currents move sediments long distances
Deposition: Occurs during high tides in sheltered areas
How does high tide influence erosion?
It increases due to higher wave energy
How does high tide affect deposition?
It promotes deposition in sheltered areas
What is the effect of low tide on transportation?
It is less active
How do tides influence coastal erosion and deposition processes?
High tides increase erosion and promote deposition
Where is eroded material transported during high tide?
To bays and estuaries
What happens to coastal cliffs during high tide?
Strong waves pound against them, eroding
What is suspension in a river?
Fine material such as clay and sediment is carried by the river.
What is solution in a river?
Dissolved minerals are carried by the river.
What is traction in a river?
Large boulders and pebbles are rolled along the river bed.
What is saltation in a river?
Small stones, pebble and silt bounces along the river bed.
What is the term used to describe fine material such as clay and sediment carried by a river?
Suspension
What is the term used to describe dissolved minerals carried by a river?
Solution
What is the term used to describe large boulders and pebbles rolled along the river bed?
Traction
What is the term used to describe small stones, pebble and silt bouncing along the river bed?
Saltation
What is a spit?
A spit forms when material is deposited due to a reduction in energy where the sea meets a river.
How does longshore drift transport material along the coast?
Longshore drift transports material along the coast.
What is an estuary?
An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of water where freshwater from rivers and streams meets and mixes with salt water from the sea.
How does a spit develop?
A spit develops a hook due to changes in wind direction.
Sand dunes form along the spit, and vegetation colonizes the dunes, stabilizing them.
Salt marsh forms as silt and mud are deposited in the sheltered estuary.
How does the formation of a spit differ from the formation of a sand dune?
A spit forms due to a reduction in energy where the sea meets a river, while sand dunes form along the spit as vegetation colonizes them.
What are the key features of a spit?
Develops a hook due to changes in wind direction
Sand dunes form along the spit, stabilized by vegetation
Salt marsh forms in the sheltered estuary where silt and mud are deposited
What are the four main types of erosion shown in the image?
Hydraulic action, Attrition, Solution, Abrasion
What is hydraulic action?
The force of water flowing over a surface that can dislodge and carry away particles
This can create features like potholes and plunge pools
What is attrition?
The process where particles carried by water or wind collide with each other, breaking them down into smaller pieces
This can create rounded, smooth pebbles and sand grains
If you wanted to observe the detailed surface features of a rock, which type of erosion would be most useful?
Abrasion
How do the four main types of erosion differ in their mechanisms and the features they create?
Hydraulic action uses the force of flowing water, attrition involves particle collisions, solution dissolves minerals, and abrasion is the wearing away by rubbing particles