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Sociology
Research methods
Sampling
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Created by
Charlotte Beaulieu-Coleman
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Cards (29)
What is sampling in research?
Selecting a small group from a larger group
Why is sampling necessary in research?
Studying the entire
population
is too costly
How can you study teenagers' social media preferences effectively?
Survey
100
teenagers from different schools
What is the definition of a population in research?
The entire group of interest in a
study
What is a sample in research?
A smaller group chosen from the
population
What is the difference between population and sample?
Population: Entire group of interest
Sample: Smaller group
representing
the population
What are the two main types of sampling techniques?
Probability sampling
and
non-probability sampling
What does probability sampling involve?
Randomly selecting individuals from the
population
What is random sampling?
Each member has an
equal chance
of selection
What is a disadvantage of random sampling?
It may not be
representative
of the population
What is stratified sampling?
Divides population into
subgroups
and selects from each
What is a key advantage of stratified sampling?
Ensures
representation
from all groups
What is cluster sampling?
Selects entire clusters of the
population
What is a disadvantage of cluster sampling?
It has a higher sampling error
What is a disadvantage of systematic sampling?
Can be
biased
if there's a pattern
What does non-probability sampling involve?
Does not involve
random selection
What is convenience sampling?
Selects readily available
participants
What is systematic sampling?
Selects every
nth
member from the population
What is a disadvantage of convenience sampling?
High risk of bias and not
representative
What is quota sampling?
Selects
participants
based on pre-set quotas
Why is non-probability sampling often used?
It is
quicker
and cheaper to implement
What is a disadvantage of quota sampling?
Bias
may occur in selection
What is purposive sampling?
Selects
participants
with specific traits
What is a disadvantage of purposive sampling?
May not be
generalizable
to the broader population
What is snowball sampling?
Participants
refer others to join the study
What is a disadvantage of snowball sampling?
Limited
scope
and
potential
for
bias
What are the advantages and disadvantages of probability and non-probability sampling techniques?
Probability Sampling:
Advantages: Reduces bias, allows
generalizations
Disadvantages: Can be complex and costly
Non-Probability Sampling:
Advantages: Quick, cost-effective, targets
specific
groups
Disadvantages: Introduces bias, limited generalizability
How do the advantages of probability sampling compare to non-probability sampling?
Probability sampling
reduces
bias
, non-probability does not
How do the disadvantages of probability sampling compare to non-probability sampling?
Probability sampling can be
complex
, non-probability is
simpler