Sampling

• What is sampling in research?

  Selecting a small group from a larger group
• Why is sampling necessary in research?

  Studying the entire population is too costly
• How can you study teenagers' social media preferences effectively?

  Survey 100 teenagers from different schools
• What is the definition of a population in research?

  The entire group of interest in a study
• What is a sample in research?

  A smaller group chosen from the population
• What is the difference between population and sample?

  • Population: Entire group of interest
  • Sample: Smaller group representing the population
• What are the two main types of sampling techniques?

  Probability sampling and non-probability sampling
• What does probability sampling involve?

  Randomly selecting individuals from the population
• What is random sampling?

  Each member has an equal chance of selection
• What is a disadvantage of random sampling?

  It may not be representative of the population
• What is stratified sampling?

  Divides population into subgroups and selects from each
• What is a key advantage of stratified sampling?

  Ensures representation from all groups
• What is cluster sampling?

  Selects entire clusters of the population
• What is a disadvantage of cluster sampling?

  It has a higher sampling error
• What is a disadvantage of systematic sampling?

  Can be biased if there's a pattern
• What does non-probability sampling involve?

  Does not involve random selection
• What is convenience sampling?

  Selects readily available participants
• What is systematic sampling?

  Selects every nth member from the population
• What is a disadvantage of convenience sampling?

  High risk of bias and not representative
• What is quota sampling?

  Selects participants based on pre-set quotas
• Why is non-probability sampling often used?

  It is quicker and cheaper to implement
• What is a disadvantage of quota sampling?

  Bias may occur in selection
• What is purposive sampling?

  Selects participants with specific traits
• What is a disadvantage of purposive sampling?

  May not be generalizable to the broader population
• What is snowball sampling?

  Participants refer others to join the study
• What is a disadvantage of snowball sampling?

  Limited scope and potential for bias
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of probability and non-probability sampling techniques?

  Probability Sampling:

  • Advantages: Reduces bias, allows generalizations
  • Disadvantages: Can be complex and costly

  
  

  Non-Probability Sampling:

  • Advantages: Quick, cost-effective, targets specific groups
  • Disadvantages: Introduces bias, limited generalizability
• How do the advantages of probability sampling compare to non-probability sampling?

  Probability sampling reduces bias, non-probability does not
• How do the disadvantages of probability sampling compare to non-probability sampling?

  Probability sampling can be complex, non-probability is simpler