Plant tissue

• Apical meristem is a type of meristematic tissue found at the tips of roots and shoots, responsible for primary growth and lengthening of the plant.
• Some epidermal cells have specialized functions such as guard cells (stomata) or trichomes (hairs).
• Epidermal cells are usually thin-walled, with small vacuoles and chloroplasts.
• The epidermis is the outermost layer of cells that covers all plant organs.
• Plant tissues are organized into functionally integrated groups of cells called tissues.
• Xylem tissue is a type of vascular tissue that transports water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.
• Intercalary meristems are present between nodes along the length of some plants and contribute to elongation by adding cells to the internodes.
• Lateral meristems are located on the sides of stems or roots and produce secondary tissues such as xylem and phloem.
• Meristematic tissue can be classified into three types based on their location within the plant: apical meristem, lateral meristem, and intercalary meristem.
• Parenchyma cells are the most common cell types in plants and can be found throughout the plant body.
• The cuticle on the surface of leaves helps prevent water loss through transpiration.
• Stomatal complexes consist of two guard cells that regulate gas exchange between the leaf interior and atmosphere.
• Stomata are openings on the surface of leaves that allow gas exchange between the leaf and atmosphere.
• Guard cells regulate the opening and closing of stomata based on environmental conditions.
• Ground tissue includes parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma cells.
• Phloem tissue is another type of vascular tissue that transports sugars produced by photosynthesis throughout the plant.
• Parenchyma tissue is made up of parenchyma cells, which can be unspecialized or specialized depending on their location within the plant.
• Collenchyma tissue provides support to young stems and leaves through its thick cell walls.
• Lateral meristems are found on the sides of stems and roots and give rise to secondary growth, including lateral roots and woody tissue.
• Meristematic regions contain undifferentiated cells capable of dividing and producing new cells through mitosis.
• Apical meristems are found at the tips of shoots (apices) and roots (radicles), where they add new cells to the growing parts of the plant.
• Primary growth occurs through cell division in apical and intercalary meristems, resulting in an increase in girth and height.
• Collenchyma cells have thickened primary walls made up of cellulose fibers arranged in a spiral pattern.
• Epidermis is a single layer of cells covering the surface of leaves, stem, and root.
• Stomata are small openings on the underside of leaves that allow gas exchange but also facilitate water loss.
• Epidermis is the outermost layer of cells covering the entire plant body.
• Guard cells open and close stomata in response to environmental factors like light intensity and humidity.