17.2.5 Peers

• What is social modelling in the context of addiction?

  Learning by observing peers
• Peers can become the primary source of guidance and behavior modelling if family influences are weak
• Social modelling and peer pressure are the same type of peer influence.

  False
• What is the impact of positive peer attitudes towards substance use on addiction?

  Increases likelihood
• A supportive peer environment is characterized by positive attitudes and high tolerance
• Match the peer environment with its impact on addiction:

  Supportive ↔️ Increases likelihood

  Non-Supportive ↔️ Decreases likelihood
• What is direct peer pressure in the context of addiction?

  Explicit pressure from peers
• Social learning relies on active observation and decision-making.
• How do peers influence addiction through social modelling?

  Learning by observation
• A non-supportive peer environment is characterized by negative attitudes and low tolerance
• What is social modelling in the context of addiction?

  Learning through observation
• Peer pressure involves direct or indirect encouragement to engage in specific activities
• Positive peer attitudes toward substance use can increase experimentation.
• Match the peer environment with its impact on addiction:

  Supportive ↔️ Increases likelihood

  Non-Supportive ↔️ Decreases likelihood
• What are the two types of peer pressure mentioned in the material?

  Direct and indirect
• Direct peer pressure involves explicit encouragement or coercion
• Indirect peer pressure involves observing peers using substances and feeling pressured to join.
• What is vicarious reinforcement in social learning theory?

  Positive outcomes for peers
• Compare social learning with classical conditioning based on their features:

  1️⃣ Mechanism: Observing and imitating others ||| Mechanism: Associating stimuli with responses

  2️⃣ Outcome: Acquiring new behaviors ||| Outcome: Modifying existing responses

  3️⃣ Active Involvement: Active observation and decision ||| Active Involvement: Passive association

  4️⃣ Reinforcement: Vicarious or direct reinforcement ||| Reinforcement: Paired stimuli
• Peers influence addiction through social modelling and peer pressure.
• What is the primary mechanism of social modelling?

  Observing and imitating peers
• Peer pressure involves direct or indirect encouragement to engage in substance use
• Match the peer environment with its impact on addiction:

  Supportive ↔️ Increases likelihood

  Non-Supportive ↔️ Decreases likelihood
• A teenager is more likely to start smoking if their friends view it as acceptable.
• What role do peer attitudes and norms play in addiction development?

  Influence experimentation
• Understanding peer attitudes and norms is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies
• Steps in the influence of peer groups on addiction:

  1️⃣ Social modelling: Learning by observing and imitating peers

  2️⃣ Peer pressure: Direct or indirect encouragement to engage in substance use

  3️⃣ Peer attitudes: Positive attitudes towards substance use increase likelihood

  4️⃣ Peer norms: Normalizing addictive behaviors encourages participation