17.1.3 Tolerance

    Cards (36)

    • Tolerance in addiction can occur through metabolic, cellular, and learned mechanisms.
    • Match the type of tolerance with its mechanism:
      Metabolic tolerance ↔️ Efficient breakdown of substance
      Cellular tolerance ↔️ Reduced sensitivity of cells
      Learned tolerance ↔️ Compensatory strategies
    • What is an example of a drug that commonly leads to tolerance?
      Alcohol
    • What is tolerance in the context of addiction?
      Reduced effect of a drug
    • Tolerance requires higher doses to achieve the same effect.
    • The required dose of a drug can be calculated using the formula: Initial Dose × Tolerance Factor = Required Dose.
    • Order the steps involved in developing metabolic tolerance:
      1️⃣ Repeated use of the drug
      2️⃣ Body becomes more efficient at breakdown
      3️⃣ Reduced drug concentration
      4️⃣ Higher dose required for same effect
    • How does cellular tolerance reduce the effect of a drug?
      Cells become less sensitive
    • Users with learned tolerance develop compensatory strategies to counteract the drug's effects.
    • Metabolic tolerance occurs when cells become less sensitive to the drug.
      False
    • What is the primary mechanism behind metabolic tolerance?
      Increased drug metabolism
    • Functional tolerance results from changes in receptor sensitivity or density.
    • What is an example of a behavioral change resulting from learned tolerance?
      Improved coordination
    • Match the type of tolerance with its example:
      Metabolic tolerance ↔️ Faster alcohol breakdown
      Functional tolerance ↔️ Reduced opioid receptor sensitivity
      Learned tolerance ↔️ Improved walking after alcohol use
    • How does metabolic tolerance affect drug concentration in the body?
      Reduces drug concentration
    • Cellular tolerance occurs when cells become less sensitive to the substance.
    • Metabolic tolerance involves changes in receptor density.
      False
    • What is the relationship between metabolic rate and drug concentration in metabolic tolerance?
      Higher metabolic rate reduces concentration
    • The biological mechanisms behind tolerance involve several adaptive processes that reduce the effect of a substance
    • What happens to drug concentration in metabolic tolerance?
      It reduces
    • Regular alcohol consumption leads to faster liver breakdown of alcohol.
    • In cellular tolerance, cells become less sensitive to the substance
    • What is an example of cellular tolerance?
      Opioid receptors become less sensitive
    • Users learning to walk straighter after alcohol consumption is an example of learned tolerance.
    • Match the tolerance type with its mechanism:
      Metabolic tolerance ↔️ Increased drug metabolism
      Cellular tolerance ↔️ Reduced receptor sensitivity
      Learned tolerance ↔️ Behavioral adjustments
    • In metabolic tolerance, the metabolic rate increases, leading to a lower drug concentration
    • Metabolic tolerance involves receptor changes.
      False
    • What is one major implication of tolerance in addiction?
      Increased risk of overdose
    • Match the tolerance type with its implication on drug use:
      Metabolic ↔️ Increased doses needed
      Cellular ↔️ Higher consumption for same effect
      Learned ↔️ Difficult to detect dosage changes
    • What is the relationship between dose and sensitivity in tolerance?
      Dose1Sensitivity\text{Dose} \propto \frac{1}{\text{Sensitivity}}
    • Tolerance contributes to a cycle where escalating doses exacerbate addiction risks.
    • Opioids like heroin and morphine cause cellular tolerance by reducing the sensitivity of opioid receptors in the brain.
    • What happens to adenosine receptors with regular caffeine consumption?
      They become less responsive
    • Match the drug with its tolerance mechanism:
      Alcohol ↔️ Increased metabolic breakdown
      Opioids ↔️ Reduced receptor sensitivity
      Caffeine ↔️ Decreased adenosine receptor responsiveness
      Nicotine ↔️ Enhanced metabolic clearance
    • What is one consequence of opioid tolerance on drug use?
      Increased doses to relieve pain
    • Nicotine tolerance involves both metabolic and functional mechanisms.