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Unit 17: Addiction
17.1 Describing Addiction
17.1.3 Tolerance
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Tolerance in addiction can occur through metabolic,
cellular
, and learned mechanisms.
Match the type of tolerance with its mechanism:
Metabolic tolerance ↔️ Efficient breakdown of substance
Cellular tolerance ↔️ Reduced sensitivity of cells
Learned tolerance ↔️ Compensatory strategies
What is an example of a drug that commonly leads to tolerance?
Alcohol
What is tolerance in the context of addiction?
Reduced effect of a drug
Tolerance requires higher
doses
to achieve the same effect.
The required dose of a drug can be calculated using the formula: Initial Dose ×
Tolerance
Factor = Required Dose.
Order the steps involved in developing metabolic tolerance:
1️⃣ Repeated use of the drug
2️⃣ Body becomes more efficient at breakdown
3️⃣ Reduced drug concentration
4️⃣ Higher dose required for same effect
How does cellular tolerance reduce the effect of a drug?
Cells become less sensitive
Users with learned tolerance develop compensatory
strategies
to counteract the drug's effects.
Metabolic tolerance occurs when cells become less sensitive to the drug.
False
What is the primary mechanism behind metabolic tolerance?
Increased drug metabolism
Functional tolerance results from changes in
receptor
sensitivity or density.
What is an example of a behavioral change resulting from learned tolerance?
Improved coordination
Match the type of tolerance with its example:
Metabolic tolerance ↔️ Faster alcohol breakdown
Functional tolerance ↔️ Reduced opioid receptor sensitivity
Learned tolerance ↔️ Improved walking after alcohol use
How does metabolic tolerance affect drug concentration in the body?
Reduces drug concentration
Cellular tolerance occurs when cells become less
sensitive
to the substance.
Metabolic tolerance involves changes in receptor density.
False
What is the relationship between metabolic rate and drug concentration in metabolic tolerance?
Higher metabolic rate reduces concentration
The biological mechanisms behind tolerance involve several adaptive processes that reduce the effect of a
substance
What happens to drug concentration in metabolic tolerance?
It reduces
Regular alcohol consumption leads to faster
liver
breakdown of alcohol.
In cellular tolerance, cells become less sensitive to the
substance
What is an example of cellular tolerance?
Opioid receptors become less sensitive
Users learning to walk straighter after alcohol consumption is an example of
learned tolerance
.
Match the tolerance type with its mechanism:
Metabolic tolerance ↔️ Increased drug metabolism
Cellular tolerance ↔️ Reduced receptor sensitivity
Learned tolerance ↔️ Behavioral adjustments
In metabolic tolerance, the metabolic rate increases, leading to a lower drug
concentration
Metabolic tolerance involves receptor changes.
False
What is one major implication of tolerance in addiction?
Increased risk of overdose
Match the tolerance type with its implication on drug use:
Metabolic ↔️ Increased doses needed
Cellular ↔️ Higher consumption for same effect
Learned ↔️ Difficult to detect dosage changes
What is the relationship between dose and sensitivity in tolerance?
Dose
∝
1
Sensitivity
\text{Dose} \propto \frac{1}{\text{Sensitivity}}
Dose
∝
Sensitivity
1
Tolerance contributes to a cycle where escalating doses exacerbate
addiction
risks.
Opioids like heroin and morphine cause cellular tolerance by reducing the sensitivity of
opioid
receptors in the brain.
What happens to adenosine receptors with regular caffeine consumption?
They become less responsive
Match the drug with its tolerance mechanism:
Alcohol ↔️ Increased metabolic breakdown
Opioids ↔️ Reduced receptor sensitivity
Caffeine ↔️ Decreased adenosine receptor responsiveness
Nicotine ↔️ Enhanced metabolic clearance
What is one consequence of opioid tolerance on drug use?
Increased doses to relieve pain
Nicotine
tolerance involves both metabolic and functional mechanisms.