16.4.3 Differential Association Theory

    Cards (74)

    • The Differential Association Theory was proposed by Edwin
    • Criminal behaviour is believed to be inherited according to Differential Association Theory.
      False
    • Criminal behaviour is learned through interaction and communication
    • Intimate personal groups such as family and close friends have the most influence in shaping criminal attitudes.
    • Arrange the variables influencing differential associations in order of their influence according to Differential Association Theory.
      1️⃣ Frequency
      2️⃣ Duration
      3️⃣ Priority
      4️⃣ Intensity
    • The process of learning criminal behaviour involves the same mechanisms as any other learning process.
    • Similar needs and values can lead to either criminal or non-criminal behaviour depending on an individual's learning
    • Match the learning mechanism with its explanation in Differential Association Theory.
      Reinforcement ↔️ Repeating actions that lead to rewards
      Imitation ↔️ Learning by observing and copying
    • Differential Association Theory emphasizes that criminal behaviour is shaped by both positive and negative views toward the law.
    • Who proposed the Differential Association Theory?
      Edwin Sutherland
    • Criminal behaviour is learned through interaction, not through innate factors.
    • Criminal behavior is transmitted through social groups via communication and interaction.
    • Which social groups have the greatest influence in teaching criminal behavior?
      Family and friends
    • Learning criminal behaviour includes both techniques and attitudes towards the law.
    • Attitudes toward legal codes can be learned as either favorable or unfavorable.
    • What determines whether an individual becomes delinquent according to the theory?
      Balance of pro- vs anti-criminal definitions
    • The variables of association in learning criminal behavior include frequency, duration, priority, and intensity.
    • General learning mechanisms like reinforcement and imitation are used in acquiring criminal behavior.
    • What role do similar needs and values play in criminal behavior?
      Can lead to both criminal and non-criminal behaviour
    • Match the learning mechanism with its explanation:
      Reinforcement ↔️ Repeating actions for rewards or to avoid punishment
      Imitation ↔️ Learning by observing and copying others
    • Differential reinforcement explains how individuals learn to repeat actions that result in rewards.
    • Punishments in differential reinforcement discourage criminal behavior by introducing negative consequences.
    • What is an example of a reward that reinforces criminal behavior?
      Praise from peers
    • White-collar crime is learned through communication within professional environments.
    • Gang violence is acquired through interaction with gang members who promote pro-violence attitudes.
    • How is petty theft developed according to the theory?
      Through peer support
    • Offending behavior is learned through interaction and communication within social groups.
    • Match the key concept with its explanation:
      Pro-criminal attitudes ↔️ Attitudes favoring law violation
      Peer group influence ↔️ Groups normalizing criminal behavior
      Learning variables ↔️ Frequency, duration, priority, intensity
    • What are the variables of association in Differential Association Theory?
      Frequency, duration, priority, intensity
    • General learning mechanisms in the Differential Association Theory include reinforcement and imitation
    • Similar needs and values always lead to criminal behaviour.
      False
    • What principle of the Differential Association Theory is illustrated by a child learning to steal from their parents?
      Criminal behaviour is learned
    • The Differential Association Theory was proposed by Edwin Sutherland
    • Criminal behaviour is innate, not learned.
      False
    • How is criminal behaviour learned according to the Differential Association Theory?
      Through interaction and communication
    • Family and close friends are examples of intimate groups in the Differential Association Theory.
    • What does the learning of criminal behaviour include according to the Differential Association Theory?
      Techniques and motives
    • Attitudes toward legal codes are always favourable in criminal groups.
      False
    • What determines delinquency in the Differential Association Theory?
      The balance of pro- vs anti-criminal definitions
    • Order the variables of association in Differential Association Theory by their importance:
      1️⃣ Frequency
      2️⃣ Duration
      3️⃣ Priority
      4️⃣ Intensity