Cards (88)

    • What do genetic explanations of offending behavior argue about the likelihood of committing crimes?
      Specific genetic factors
    • Genes are segments of DNA
    • What is the process by which genetic traits are passed down from parents to offspring called?
      Inheritance
    • Genetic predisposition refers to the increased likelihood of developing certain behaviors due to genetic factors.
    • Steps in a twin study comparing identical and fraternal twins
      1️⃣ Recruit identical and fraternal twins
      2️⃣ Compare crime rates between twin types
      3️⃣ Analyze data to assess genetic influence
    • What does shared criminal behavior between adopted individuals and their biological parents suggest?
      Genetic influence
    • Match the gene with its description:
      MAOA ↔️ Regulates serotonin and dopamine
      CDH13 ↔️ Controls cell adhesion
    • What is a key weakness of twin studies in exploring genetic influences on offending behavior?
      Limited sample sizes
    • Genetic explanations can oversimplify complex human behavior
    • Genetic explanations often overlook the role of environmental factors and gene-environment interactions.
    • Which gene is sometimes referred to as the "warrior gene" and linked to increased aggression?
      MAOA
    • What neurotransmitters does the MAOA gene regulate?
      Serotonin and dopamine
    • Variations in the CDH13 gene are associated with ADHD and substance abuse
    • Environmental factors can influence the effects of genes on offending behavior.
    • Steps in conducting an adoption study to explore genetic influences on offending behavior
      1️⃣ Recruit adopted individuals
      2️⃣ Compare criminal behavior to biological and adoptive parents
      3️⃣ Analyze data to assess genetic links
    • Match the study type with its genetic insight:
      Twin Studies ↔️ Higher concordance in identical twins
      Adoption Studies ↔️ Similar behavior with biological parents
    • What do twin studies compare to assess genetic influence on behavior?
      Identical and fraternal twins
    • Higher concordance in identical twins suggests genetic influence
    • What does similar behavior between adoptees and biological parents indicate?
      Genetic link
    • Family studies help distinguish between genetic and environmental factors in offending behavior
    • Order the three types of genetic theories mentioned in the study material
      1️⃣ Twin Studies
      2️⃣ Adoption Studies
      3️⃣ Candidate Gene Research
    • What are two specific genes identified in candidate gene research as associated with criminal behavior?
      MAOA and CDH13
    • Genetic explanations provide insights into the biological basis of offending
    • What is a major weakness of genetic explanations for offending behavior?
      May overlook environmental factors
    • The MAOA gene, also known as the "warrior gene," is linked to increased aggression and violence
    • What neurotransmitters does MAOA regulate?
      Serotonin and dopamine
    • Variations in CDH13 are associated with ADHD, substance abuse, and conduct disorder
    • Do genes act in isolation or in combination with environmental factors?
      Combination with environmental factors
    • Adoption studies compare adoptees' behavior with their biological and adoptive parents
    • Which type of parent's behavior has higher similarity with adoptees to indicate genetic influence?
      Biological
    • Selective placement of adoptees is a weakness of adoption studies
    • Match the study type with its focus:
      Twin Studies ↔️ Gene sharing within twins
      Adoption Studies ↔️ Distinguishing genetic and environmental effects
    • The MAOA gene, when combined with childhood stress, increases the likelihood of violent behavior
    • Several genes are implicated in offending behavior, with MAOA and CDH13 being prominent examples
    • What neurotransmitters does the MAOA gene regulate?
      Serotonin and dopamine
    • The low-activity form of MAOA is linked to increased aggression, especially in individuals with a history of childhood maltreatment.
    • Variations in the CDH13 gene are associated with ADHD, substance abuse, and conduct disorder
    • What type of behavior is linked to CDH13 variations?
      Impulsivity and risk-taking
    • Match the gene with its function:
      MAOA ↔️ Regulates serotonin and dopamine
      CDH13 ↔️ Controls cell adhesion
    • The effects of the low-activity MAOA gene are more pronounced in individuals who have experienced childhood trauma